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Qemu
================
## TODO move this to the NFS section
Example fstab entries:
//10.0.2.2/sharename /mnt/cee-misc-lib nfs user,noauto,forceuid,uid=1000,vers=3.0 0 0
## Qemu Setup
apt install qemu-system-aarch64 qemu-efi-aarch64
## Manage Images
### Create new image
qemu-img create -f qcow2 disk.qcow2 16G
### Create new overlay image
qemu-img create -o backing_file=base.qcow2,backing_fmt=qcow2 -f qcow2 disk.qcow2
### Convert qcow2 to raw
qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O raw foo.qcow2 foo.img
### Convert raw to qcow2
qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 foo.img foo.qcow2
### Create Standalone image based on snapshot image
qemu-img convert -O qcow2 derived.qcow2 standalone.qcow2
## Convert to based from standalone
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b old.qcow2 new.qcow2
qemu-img rebase -b base.qcow2 new.qcow2
## Shrink/compact img
Normal systems:
qemu-img convert -O qcow2 input.qcow2 output.qcow2
Windoof:
sdelete -z C:
qemu-img convert -O qcow2 input.qcow output.qcow2
## Shrink snapshot layer
qemu-img convert -O qcow2 snapLayer.qcow2 tmpFullClone.qcow2
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b tmpFullClone.qcow2 diff.qcow2
qemu-img rebase -b base.qcow2 tmpDiff.qcow2
mv tmpDiff.qcow2 snapLayer.qcow2
## Example Params (Usage: CopyPaste, then delege what is not needed)
qemu-system-x86_64 \
-nodefaults `# <- TODO Fix network when using this` \
-accel kvm,whpx,hax,tcg -m size=2G -smp cores=$(nproc) --no-reboot \
`# Drives & Boot.` \
-boot order=dc \
-cdrom "path/to/cd.iso" \
-hda "$(dirname "$(realpath "$0")")/hda.qcow2" \
-nic none `# remove if network wanted` \
`# Isolated Network plus host port/cmd reachable from guest` \
-netdev 'user,id=n1,ipv6=off,restrict=y,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.9:80-cmd:ncat 127.0.0.1 80' -device e1000,netdev=n1 \
`# Isolated Network with samba access to host` \
-netdev 'user,id=n2,ipv6=off,restrict=y,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.9:139-cmd:ncat 127.0.0.1 139,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.9:445-cmd:ncat 127.0.0.1 445' -device e1000,netdev=n2 \
`# 10.0.2.x network with host redirect` \
-netdev user,id=n0,ipv6=off,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:${SSH_PORT:?}-:22 -device e1000,netdev=n0 \
`# socket mcast shared network adapter` \
-netdev socket,id=n1,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 -device e1000,netdev=n1 \
`# USB pass-through by port or device. Use 'lsusb -t' or 'lsusb' to find IDs` \
`# qemu needs permission: 'chmod o+w /dev/bus/usb/002/035'` \
`# Or via "/etc/udev/rules.d/foo.rule": SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{idVendor}=="HEX1", ATTR{idProduct}=="HEX2", ATTR{serial}=="1234", MODE="0666"` \
-device nec-usb-xhci \
-device usb-host,hostbus=999,hostaddr=999 \
`# Choose ONE of those outputs (or none for defaut)` \
-monitor stdio -serial stdio `# coose ONE` \
-display none \
-nographic -serial mon:stdio `# HINT remove other monitor arg` \
-device VGA \
-display sdl,grab-mod=rctrl \
-display gtk,show-menubar=on \
-display vnc=127.0.0.1:0,to=99 `#HINT: 0 is port 5900` \
;
## Broken systems likely need some of those too
`# Fix broken hosts` \
-L "${QEMU_HOME:?}/Bios" -bios "${QEMU_HOME:?}/Bios/bios-256k.bin" \
-accel whpx,kernel-irqchip=off `# "https://github.com/Tech-FZ/EmuGUI/issues/72#issuecomment-1940933918"` \
`# Fix broken guests` \
-device usb-ehci,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 -device usb-tablet \
[src udev rules](https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/kernel/hotplug/udev/udev.html)
[TODO mcast broken](https://serverfault.com/q/1002977/673216)
## Inspect qcow2 by host mounting it
$SUDO modprobe nbd
$SUDO qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd__ /path/to/my.qcow2
echo 'p' | $SUDO fdisk /dev/nbd__
$SUDO mount -o ro /dev/nbd__p__ /mnt/q
$SUDO umount /mnt/q `# cleanup`
$SUDO qemu-nbd -d /dev/nbd__ `# cleanup`
$SUDO rmmod nbd `# cleanup`
### Example manual adapter setup (inside VM) for socket mcast network:
true \
&& ADDR=192.168.42.101/24 \
&& DEV=ens4 \
&& SUDO=sudo \
&& $SUDO ip a add dev "${DEV:?}" "${ADDR:?}" \
&& $SUDO ip link set "${DEV:?}" up \
&& true
## amd64
(see also "../../../doc/note/rasbpi/rasbpi.txt")
# Example Raspi
qemu-system-aarch64
-nodefaults -accel tcg,thread=multi `# TODO confirm thread=multi works ` \
-machine type=raspi3b -cpu cortex-a53 -smp 4 -m 1G \
-kernel kernel8.img -dtb bcm2710-rpi-3-b.dtb -sd "$(dirname "$(realpath "$0")")/sd.qcow2" \
-device usb-net,netdev=net0 \
-netdev user,id=net0,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:${SSH_PORT:?}-:22 \
-append "console=ttyAMA0,115200 root=PARTUUID=fb33757d-02 rootfstype=ext4 rootwait" \
-no-reboot -nographic \
## Shared host directory via CIFS/SMB
true `# SMB server debian` \
&& hostpath=/path/to/host/dir \
&& sharename=work \
&& apt install --no-install-recommends -y samba \
&& printf '[%s]\npath = %s\npublic = no\nwriteable = yes\nguest ok = yes\nforce user = andreas\n' "${sharename:?}" "${hostpath:?}" | $SUDO tee -a /etc/samba/smb.conf >/dev/null \
&& $SUDO /etc/init.d/smbd restart \
&& true
TODO: SMB server windoof
DoesNotWork: "https://serverfault.com/questions/442664/virtualization-linux-kvm-qemu-host-windows-vm-guest-how-to-access-data-drive#comment479177_442678"
true `# SMB client debian` \
&& hostUsername=yourHostUser \
&& smbServer=10.0.2.2 \
&& sharename=work \
&& mountpoint=/mnt/${sharename:?} \
&& guestUid=$(id -u) \
&& guestGid=$(id -g) \
&& true \
&& $SUDO mkdir -p "${mountpoint:?}" \
&& $SUDO apt install --no-install-recommends -y cifs-utils psmisc \
&& $SUDO mount -t cifs -o username=${hostUsername:?},uid=${guestUid:?},gid=${guestGid:?} "//${smbServer:?}/${sharename:?}" "${mountpoint:?}" \
&& true
## Example smb config for smb server (TODO verify)
[vm-share]
path = /path/to/vm-share
browseable = yes
read only = no
guest ok = yes
force user = usernameFromHost
### Add those in "/etc/fstab" to setup mount automatically at boot:
### HINT: mkdir /home/user/build
//10.0.2.2/sharename /mnt/sharename cifs password=,uid=1000,gid=1000,user,vers=3.0 0 0
/home/user/build /mnt/sharename/build none bind 0 0
List smb shares (eg debugging)
smbclient -NL //10.0.2.2
## Shared host dir via NFS (handy for broken windoof hosts)
For windoof HOST install WinNFSd, then (TODO verify):
cd your/hostpath
WinNFSd -addr 127.0.0.1 . /your/nfs/sharename
Or for whole drive:
cd C:/
WinNFSd -addr 127.0.0.1 . /c
In GUEST to access it do:
$SUDO apt install -y --no-install-recommends nfs-common
apk add rpcbind && /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
mkdir /mnt/host
$SUDO mount -t nfs -o vers=3 10.0.2.2:/path/to/share /mnt/host
## USB pass-through
-device nec-usb-xhci \
-device usb-host,hostbus=999,hostaddr=999 `# tested, seems to work` \
### By physical port (TODO broken)
-usb -device usb-host,hostbus=1,hostport=2.3
### By device (TODO broken)
-usb -device usb-host,vendorid=123,productid=456
## Alpine PostInstall
&& `# Likely handy to put those vars also in dotfiles in users home` \
&& export no_proxy='127.0.0.1,10.0.2.*' \
&& export http_proxy="http://10.0.2.2:3128/" \
&& export https_proxy="http://10.0.2.2:3128/" \
&& apk add openssh-server \
&& rc-update add sshd \
&& sed -i -E 's;^# *(http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v.*?/community)$;\1;' /etc/apk/repositories \
&& mkdir /home/user && chown 1000:1000 /home/user && chmod 755 /home/user \
&& printf 'user:x:1000:1000:user:/home/user:/bin/ash\n' >> /etc/passwd \
&& printf 'user:x:1000:user\n' >> /etc/group \
&& printf 'user:12345\n' | chpasswd \
&& /etc/init.d/sshd restart \
&& `# host auto-mount helper script ` \
&& mkdir ~/.local ~/.local/bin \
&& echo H4sIAAUQ5GYAA0WOsQ7CMAxE93yFCUgFiTbQEaliYWArA8wRFJNkaFI1CR2Af8cpSJ1sv/P5PJ+Jm7HCa+YxQI7s2R6dDxePfXWuD7XsYpCaiIyEpMYemY+nYRJVRFJ754Lsht9CNPeKL5bmDnlccaamUdGIjXbAF690Zv/h8AYfIfkhbyBrXbTUBWjMw0PuIOXaa4tVRp7pO3Jm6xSUMNXdCNQfqD8ALsR2U2yKsijF+LLX1x7TPU5aa8OPjqmdMzbwjH0BleXnHxQBAAA= |base64 -d|gzip -d > ~/.local/bin/setup \
&& printf '\n TODO: Resolve the todos in %s\n\n' ~/.local/bin/setup \
## Debian PostInstall
TODO: move this to a better place. Eg: debian/setup.txt or whatever.
true \
&& SUDO= \
&& no_proxy="127.0.0.1,10.0.2.*" \
&& http_proxy="http://10.0.2.2:3128" \
&& https_proxy="http://10.0.2.2:3128" \
&& true \
&& if [ -n "$http_proxy" ]; then true \
&& (echo "Acquire::http::proxy \"${http_proxy}\";"
echo "Acquire::https::proxy \"${https_proxy}\";"
) | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy >/dev/null \
;fi \
&& $SUDO apt update \
&& $SUDO apt install -y --no-install-recommends vim openssh-server net-tools curl \
&& $SUDO sed -i -E 's;^GRUB_TIMEOUT=5$;GRUB_TIMEOUT=1;' /etc/default/grub \
&& $SUDO update-grub \
&& true
## Qemu-Monitor in combo with VNC
--monitor stdio
--monitor telnet:127.0.0.1:55555,server,nowait
## Sources
- [apt via proxy](https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-set-system-proxy-on-debian-linux/?expand_article=1)
- [Qemu ssh from host](https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Networking)
- [shared host dir](https://superuser.com/a/628381/1123359)
- [NFS server for windoof](https://github.com/winnfsd/winnfsd)
- [NFS server for debian](https://vitux.com/debian_nfs_server/)
- [USB pass-through](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/452946/292722)
- [qemu monitor via telnet](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/426951/292722)
- [qemu monitor via stdio](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/57835/292722)
- [qemu raspberry pi TODO](https://blog.agchapman.com/using-qemu-to-emulate-a-raspberry-pi/)
- [connect VM networks](https://qemu.weilnetz.de/doc/6.0/system/invocation.html#sec-005finvocation)
- [inspect qcow2 mount host browse](https://www.jamescoyle.net/how-to/1818-access-a-qcow2-virtual-disk-image-from-the-host)
|
