path: root/networking/dnsd.c

/* vi: set sw=4 ts=4: */
/*
 * Mini DNS server implementation for busybox
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2005 Roberto A. Foglietta (me@roberto.foglietta.name)
 * Copyright (C) 2005 Odd Arild Olsen (oao at fibula dot no)
 * Copyright (C) 2003 Paul Sheer
 *
 * Licensed under GPLv2 or later, see file LICENSE in this tarball for details.
 *
 * Odd Arild Olsen started out with the sheerdns [1] of Paul Sheer and rewrote
 * it into a shape which I believe is both easier to understand and maintain.
 * I also reused the input buffer for output and removed services he did not
 * need.  [1] http://threading.2038bug.com/sheerdns/
 *
 * Some bugfix and minor changes was applied by Roberto A. Foglietta who made
 * the first porting of oao' scdns to busybox also.
 */

#include "libbb.h"
#include <syslog.h>

//#define DEBUG 1
#define DEBUG 0

enum {
	/* Can tweak this */
	DEFAULT_TTL = 120,

/* Cannot get bigger packets than 512 per RFC1035.
 * In practice this can be set considerably smaller:
 * Length of response packet is header (12B) + 2*type(4B) + 2*class(4B) +
 * ttl(4B) + rlen(2B) + r (MAX_NAME_LEN = 21B) +
 * 2*querystring (2 MAX_NAME_LEN = 42B), all together 90 Bytes
 */
	MAX_PACK_LEN = 512,
	IP_STRING_LEN = sizeof(".xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"),
	MAX_NAME_LEN = IP_STRING_LEN - 1 + sizeof(".in-addr.arpa"),
	REQ_A = 1,
	REQ_PTR = 12,
};

/* the message from client and first part of response msg */
struct dns_head {
	uint16_t id;
	uint16_t flags;
	uint16_t nquer;
	uint16_t nansw;
	uint16_t nauth;
	uint16_t nadd;
};
struct dns_prop {
	uint16_t type;
	uint16_t class;
};
/* element of known name, ip address and reversed ip address */
struct dns_entry {
	struct dns_entry *next;
	uint32_t ip;
	char rip[IP_STRING_LEN]; /* length decimal reversed IP */
	char name[1];
};

#define OPT_verbose (option_mask32)


/*
 * Insert length of substrings instead of dots
 */
static void undot(char *rip)
{
	int i = 0;
	int s = 0;

	while (rip[i])
		i++;
	for (--i; i >= 0; i--) {
		if (rip[i] == '.') {
			rip[i] = s;
			s = 0;
		} else {
			s++;
		}
	}
}

/*
 * Read hostname/IP records from file
 */
static struct dns_entry *parse_conf_file(const char *fileconf)
{
	char *token[2];
	parser_t *parser;
	struct dns_entry *m, *conf_data;
	struct dns_entry **nextp;

	conf_data = NULL;
	nextp = &conf_data;

	parser = config_open(fileconf);
	while (config_read(parser, token, 2, 2, "# \t", PARSE_NORMAL)) {
		struct in_addr ip;
		uint32_t v32;

		if (inet_aton(token[1], &ip) == 0) {
			bb_error_msg("error at line %u, skipping", parser->lineno);
			continue;
		}

		if (OPT_verbose)
			bb_error_msg("name:%s, ip:%s", token[0], token[1]);

		/* sizeof(*m) includes 1 byte for m->name[0] */
		m = xzalloc(sizeof(*m) + strlen(token[0]) + 1);
		/*m->next = NULL;*/
		*nextp = m;
		nextp = &m->next;

		m->name[0] = '.';
		strcpy(m->name + 1, token[0]);
		undot(m->name);
		m->ip = ip.s_addr; /* in network order */
		v32 = ntohl(m->ip);
		/* inverted order */
		sprintf(m->rip, ".%u.%u.%u.%u",
			(uint8_t)(v32),
			(uint8_t)(v32 >> 8),
			(uint8_t)(v32 >> 16),
			(v32 >> 24)
		);
		undot(m->rip);
	}
	config_close(parser);
	return conf_data;
}

/*
 * Look query up in dns records and return answer if found.
 * qs is the query string.
 */
static int table_lookup(uint8_t *as, struct dns_entry *d, uint16_t type, uint8_t *qs)
{
	while (d) {
		unsigned len = d->name[0];
		/* d->name[len] is the last (non NUL) char */
#if DEBUG
		char *p, *q;
		q = (char *)&(qs[1]);
		p = &(d->name[1]);
		fprintf(stderr, "%d/%d p:%s q:%s %d\n",
			(int)strlen(p), len,
			p, q, (int)strlen(q)
		);
#endif
		if (type == htons(REQ_A)) {
			/* search by host name */
			if (len != 1 || d->name[1] != '*') {
				if (strcasecmp(d->name, (char*)qs) != 0)
					goto next;
			}
			move_to_unaligned32((uint32_t *)as, d->ip);
#if DEBUG
			fprintf(stderr, "OK as:%x\n", (int)d->ip);
#endif
			return 0;
		}
		/* search by IP-address */
		if ((len != 1 || d->name[1] != '*')
		/* assume (do not check) that qs ends in ".in-addr.arpa" */
		 && strncmp(d->rip, (char*)qs, strlen(d->rip)) == 0
		) {
			strcpy((char *)as, d->name);
#if DEBUG
			fprintf(stderr, "OK as:%s\n", as);
#endif
			return 0;
		}
 next:
		d = d->next;
	}

	return -1;
}

/*
 * Decode message and generate answer
 */
/* RFC 1035
...
Whenever an octet represents a numeric quantity, the left most bit
in the diagram is the high order or most significant bit.
That is, the bit labeled 0 is the most significant bit.
...

4.1.1. Header section format
                                    1  1  1  1  1  1
      0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                      ID                       |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |QR|   OPCODE  |AA|TC|RD|RA|   Z    |   RCODE   |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                    QDCOUNT                    |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                    ANCOUNT                    |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                    NSCOUNT                    |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                    ARCOUNT                    |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
ID      16 bit random identifier assigned by query.
        Used to match query/response.
QR      message is a query (0), or a response (1).
OPCODE  0   standard query (QUERY)
        1   inverse query (IQUERY)
        2   server status request (STATUS)
AA      Authoritative Answer - this bit is valid in responses,
        and specifies that the responding name server is an
        authority for the domain name in question section.
        Note that the contents of the answer section may have
        multiple owner names because of aliases.  The AA bit
        corresponds to the name which matches the query name, or
        the first owner name in the answer section.
TC      TrunCation - specifies that this message was truncated.
RD      Recursion Desired - this bit may be set in a query and
        is copied into the response.  If RD is set, it directs
        the name server to pursue the query recursively.
        Recursive query support is optional.
RA      Recursion Available - this be is set or cleared in a
        response, and denotes whether recursive query support is
        available in the name server.
Z       Reserved for future use.  Must be zero.
RCODE   Response code.
        0   No error condition
        1   Format error
        2   Server failure - The name server was
            unable to process this query due to a
            problem with the name server.
        3   Name Error - Meaningful only for
            responses from an authoritative name
            server, this code signifies that the
            domain name referenced in the query does
            not exist.
        4   Not Implemented.
        5   Refused.
QDCOUNT number of entries in the question section.
ANCOUNT number of resource records in the answer section.
NSCOUNT number of name server resource records in the authority records section.
ARCOUNT number of resource records in the additional records section.

4.1.2. Question section format

The section contains QDCOUNT (usually 1) entries, each of the following format:
                                    1  1  1  1  1  1
      0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    /                     QNAME                     /
    /                                               /
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                     QTYPE                     |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                     QCLASS                    |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
QNAME   a domain name represented as a sequence of labels, where
        each label consists of a length octet followed by that
        number of octets. The domain name terminates with the
        zero length octet for the null label of the root. Note
        that this field may be an odd number of octets; no
        padding is used.
QTYPE   a two octet type of the query.
          1 a host address [REQ_A const]
          2 an authoritative name server
          3 a mail destination (Obsolete - use MX)
          4 a mail forwarder (Obsolete - use MX)
          5 the canonical name for an alias
          6 marks the start of a zone of authority
          7 a mailbox domain name (EXPERIMENTAL)
          8 a mail group member (EXPERIMENTAL)
          9 a mail rename domain name (EXPERIMENTAL)
         10 a null RR (EXPERIMENTAL)
         11 a well known service description
         12 a domain name pointer [REQ_PTR const]
         13 host information
         14 mailbox or mail list information
         15 mail exchange
         16 text strings
       0x1c IPv6?
        252 a request for a transfer of an entire zone
        253 a request for mailbox-related records (MB, MG or MR)
        254 a request for mail agent RRs (Obsolete - see MX)
        255 a request for all records
QCLASS  a two octet code that specifies the class of the query.
          1 the Internet
	(others are historic only)
        255 any class

4.1.3. Resource record format

The answer, authority, and additional sections all share the same
format: a variable number of resource records, where the number of
records is specified in the corresponding count field in the header.
Each resource record has the following format:
                                    1  1  1  1  1  1
      0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0  1  2  3  4  5
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    /                                               /
    /                      NAME                     /
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                      TYPE                     |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                     CLASS                     |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                      TTL                      |
    |                                               |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    |                   RDLENGTH                    |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--|
    /                     RDATA                     /
    /                                               /
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
NAME    a domain name to which this resource record pertains.
TYPE    two octets containing one of the RR type codes.  This
        field specifies the meaning of the data in the RDATA
        field.
CLASS   two octets which specify the class of the data in the
        RDATA field.
TTL     a 32 bit unsigned integer that specifies the time
        interval (in seconds) that the resource record may be
        cached before it should be discarded.  Zero values are
        interpreted to mean that the RR can only be used for the
        transaction in progress, and should not be cached.
RDLENGTH an unsigned 16 bit integer that specifies the length in
        octets of the RDATA field.
RDATA   a variable length string of octets that describes the
        resource.  The format of this information varies
        according to the TYPE and CLASS of the resource record.
        For example, if the TYPE is A and the CLASS is IN,
        the RDATA field is a 4 octet ARPA Internet address.

4.1.4. Message compression

In order to reduce the size of messages, the domain system utilizes a
compression scheme which eliminates the repetition of domain names in a
message.  In this scheme, an entire domain name or a list of labels at
the end of a domain name is replaced with a pointer to a prior occurance
of the same name.

The pointer takes the form of a two octet sequence:
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
    | 1  1|                OFFSET                   |
    +--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
The first two bits are ones.  This allows a pointer to be distinguished
from a label, since the label must begin with two zero bits because
labels are restricted to 63 octets or less.  The OFFSET field specifies
an offset from the start of the message (i.e., the first octet
of the ID field in the domain header).
A zero offset specifies the first byte of the ID field, etc.

The compression scheme allows a domain name in a message to be
represented as either:
   - a sequence of labels ending in a zero octet
   - a pointer
   - a sequence of labels ending with a pointer
 */
static int process_packet(struct dns_entry *conf_data, uint32_t conf_ttl, uint8_t *buf)
{
	uint8_t answstr[MAX_NAME_LEN + 1];
	struct dns_head *head;
	struct dns_prop *unaligned_qprop;
	uint8_t *from, *answb;
	uint16_t outr_rlen;
	uint16_t outr_flags;
	uint16_t type;
	uint16_t class;
	int querystr_len;

	answstr[0] = '\0';

	head = (struct dns_head *)buf;
	if (head->nquer == 0) {
		bb_error_msg("packet has 0 queries, ignored");
		return -1;
	}

	if (head->flags & htons(0x8000)) { /* QR bit */
		bb_error_msg("response packet, ignored");
		return -1;
	}

	/* start of query string */
	from = (void *)(head + 1);
	/* caller guarantees strlen is <= MAX_PACK_LEN */
	querystr_len = strlen((char *)from) + 1;
	/* may be unaligned! */
	unaligned_qprop = (void *)(from + querystr_len);
	/* where to append answer block */
	answb = (void *)(unaligned_qprop + 1);

	outr_rlen = 0;
	/* QR = 1 "response", RCODE = 4 "Not Implemented" */
	outr_flags = htons(0x8000 | 4);

	move_from_unaligned16(type, &unaligned_qprop->type);
	if (type != htons(REQ_A) && type != htons(REQ_PTR)) {
		/* we can't handle the query type */
		goto empty_packet;
	}
	move_from_unaligned16(class, &unaligned_qprop->class);
	if (class != htons(1)) { /* not class INET? */
		goto empty_packet;
	}
	/* OPCODE != 0 "standard query" ? */
	if ((head->flags & htons(0x7800)) != 0) {
		goto empty_packet;
	}

	bb_info_msg("%s", (char *)from);
	if (table_lookup(answstr, conf_data, type, from) != 0) {
		/* QR = 1 "response"
		 * AA = 1 "Authoritative Answer"
		 * RCODE = 3 "Name Error" */
		outr_flags = htons(0x8000 | 0x0400 | 3);
		goto empty_packet;
	}
	/* return an address */
	outr_rlen = 4;
	if (type == htons(REQ_PTR)) {
		/* return a host name */
		outr_rlen = strlen((char *)answstr) + 1;
	}
	/* QR = 1 "response",
	 * AA = 1 "Authoritative Answer",
	 * RCODE = 0 "success" */
	outr_flags = htons(0x8000 | 0x0400 | 0);
	/* we have one answer */
	head->nansw = htons(1);
	/* copy query block to answer block */
	querystr_len += sizeof(unaligned_qprop);
	memcpy(answb, from, querystr_len);
	answb += querystr_len;
	/* append answer Resource Record */
	move_to_unaligned32((uint32_t *)answb, htonl(conf_ttl));
	answb += 4;
	move_to_unaligned32((uint16_t *)answb, htons(outr_rlen));
	answb += 2;
	memcpy(answb, answstr, outr_rlen);
	answb += outr_rlen;

 empty_packet:
	head->flags |= outr_flags;
	head->nauth = head->nadd = 0;
	head->nquer = htons(1); // why???

	return answb - buf;
}

int dnsd_main(int argc, char **argv) MAIN_EXTERNALLY_VISIBLE;
int dnsd_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv)
{
	const char *listen_interface = "0.0.0.0";
	const char *fileconf = "/etc/dnsd.conf";
	struct dns_entry *conf_data;
	uint32_t conf_ttl = DEFAULT_TTL;
	char *sttl, *sport;
	len_and_sockaddr *lsa, *from, *to;
	unsigned lsa_size;
	int udps, opts;
	uint16_t port = 53;
	/* Paranoid sizing: querystring x2 + ttl + outr_rlen + answstr */
	/* I'd rather see process_packet() fixed instead... */
	uint8_t buf[MAX_PACK_LEN * 2 + 4 + 2 + (MAX_NAME_LEN+1)];

	opts = getopt32(argv, "vi:c:t:p:d", &listen_interface, &fileconf, &sttl, &sport);
	//if (opts & 0x1) // -v
	//if (opts & 0x2) // -i
	//if (opts & 0x4) // -c
	if (opts & 0x8) // -t
		conf_ttl = xatou_range(sttl, 1, 0xffffffff);
	if (opts & 0x10) // -p
		port = xatou_range(sport, 1, 0xffff);
	if (opts & 0x20) { // -d
		bb_daemonize_or_rexec(DAEMON_CLOSE_EXTRA_FDS, argv);
		openlog(applet_name, LOG_PID, LOG_DAEMON);
		logmode = LOGMODE_SYSLOG;
	}
	/* Clear all except "verbose" bit */
	option_mask32 &= 1;

	conf_data = parse_conf_file(fileconf);

	lsa = xdotted2sockaddr(listen_interface, port);
	udps = xsocket(lsa->u.sa.sa_family, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
	xbind(udps, &lsa->u.sa, lsa->len);
	socket_want_pktinfo(udps); /* needed for recv_from_to to work */
	lsa_size = LSA_LEN_SIZE + lsa->len;
	from = xzalloc(lsa_size);
	to = xzalloc(lsa_size);

	{
		char *p = xmalloc_sockaddr2dotted(&lsa->u.sa);
		bb_info_msg("Accepting UDP packets on %s", p);
		free(p);
	}

	while (1) {
		int r;
		/* Try to get *DEST* address (to which of our addresses
		 * this query was directed), and reply from the same address.
		 * Or else we can exhibit usual UDP ugliness:
		 * [ip1.multihomed.ip2] <=  query to ip1  <= peer
		 * [ip1.multihomed.ip2] => reply from ip2 => peer (confused) */
		memcpy(to, lsa, lsa_size);
		r = recv_from_to(udps, buf, MAX_PACK_LEN + 1, 0, &from->u.sa, &to->u.sa, lsa->len);
		if (r < 12 || r > MAX_PACK_LEN) {
			bb_error_msg("packet size %d, ignored", r);
			continue;
		}
		if (OPT_verbose)
			bb_info_msg("Got UDP packet");
		buf[r] = '\0'; /* paranoia */
		r = process_packet(conf_data, conf_ttl, buf);
		if (r <= 0)
			continue;
		send_to_from(udps, buf, r, 0, &from->u.sa, &to->u.sa, lsa->len);
	}
	return 0;
}