-
-BusyBox - The Swiss Army Knife of Embedded Linux - -
-
-
BusyBox <function> [arguments...] # or --
-
<function> [arguments...] # if symlinked --
-
-BusyBox combines tiny versions of many common UNIX utilities into a single -small executable. It provides minimalist replacements for most of the -utilities you usually find in fileutils, shellutils, findutils, textutils, -grep, gzip, tar, etc. BusyBox provides a fairly complete POSIX environment -for any small or emdedded system. The utilities in BusyBox generally have -fewer options then their full featured GNU cousins; however, the options -that are included provide the expected functionality and behave very much -like their GNU counterparts. - -
-BusyBox has been written with size-optimization and limited resources in -mind. It is also extremely modular so you can easily include or exclude -commands (or features) at compile time. This makes it easy to customize -your embedded systems. To create a working system, just add a kernel, a -shell (such as ash), and an editor (such as elvis-tiny or ae). - -
-
-When you create a link to BusyBox for the function you wish to use, when -BusyBox is called using that link it will behave as if the command itself -has been invoked. - -
-For example, entering - -
-
ln -s ./BusyBox ls - ./ls --
-will cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls' (if the 'ls' command has been compiled -into BusyBox). - -
-You can also invoke BusyBox by issuing the command as an argument on the -command line. For example, entering - -
-
./BusyBox ls --
-will also cause BusyBox to behave as 'ls'. - -
-
-Most BusyBox commands support the --help option to provide a terse runtime description of their behavior. - -
-
-Currently defined functions include: - -
-ar, basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, clear, chvt, cp, cut, date, -dd, df, dirname, dmesg, du, dutmp, echo, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free, -freeramdisk, deallocvt, fsck.minix, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid, -hostname, id, init, kill, killall, length, ln, loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, -logger, logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, math, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, -mknod, mkswap, mktemp, nc, more, mount, mt, mv, nslookup, ping, poweroff, -printf, ps, pwd, reboot, rm, rmdir, rmmod, sed, setkeycodes, sh, sfdisk, -sleep, sort, sync, syslogd, swapon, swapoff, tail, tar, test, tee, touch, -tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, update, uptime, usleep, wc, whoami, -yes, zcat, [ - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: ar [optxvV] archive [filenames] - -
-Extract or list files from an ar archive. - -
-Options: - -
-
o preserve original dates - p extract to stdout - t list - x extract - v verbosely list files processed --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: basename FILE [SUFFIX] - -
-Strips directory path and suffixes from FILE. If specified, also removes -any trailing SUFFIX. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ basename /usr/local/bin/foo - foo - $ basename /usr/local/bin/ - bin - $ basename /foo/bar.txt .txt - bar --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: cat [FILE ...] - -
-Concatenates FILE(s) and prints them to the standard output.
-
-
-Example: - -
-
$ cat /proc/uptime - 110716.72 17.67 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE... - -
-Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP. - -
-Options: - -
-
-R change files and directories recursively --
-Example: - -
-
$ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - $ chgrp root /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: chmod [-R] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... - -
-Changes file access permissions for the specified FILE(s) (or
-directories). Each MODE is defined by combining the letters for WHO has
-access to the file, an OPERATOR for selecting how the permissions should be
-changed, and a PERISSION for FILE(s) (or directories).
-
-
-WHO may be chosen from - -
-
u User who owns the file - g Users in the file's Group - o Other users not in the file's group - a All users --
-OPERATOR may be chosen from - -
-
+ Add a permission - - Remove a permission - = Assign a permission - -PERMISSION may be chosen from --
-
r Read - w Write - x Execute (or access for directories) - s Set user (or group) ID bit - t Stickey bit (for directories prevents removing files by non-owners) --
-Alternately, permissions can be set numerically where the first three -numbers are calculated by adding the octal values, such as - -
-
4 Read - 2 Write - 1 Execute --
-An optional fourth digit can also be used to specify - -
-
4 Set user ID - 2 Set group ID - 1 Stickey bit --
-Options: - -
-
-R Change files and directories recursively. - -Example: --
-
$ ls -l /tmp/foo - -rw-rw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - $ chmod u+x /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -rwxrw-r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo* - $ chmod 444 /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: chown [OPTION]... OWNER[<.|:>[GROUP] FILE... - -
-Changes the owner and/or group of each FILE to OWNER and/or GROUP. - -
-Options: - -
-
-R Changes files and directories recursively --
-Example: - -
-
$ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - $ chown root /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 root andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - $ chown root.root /tmp/foo - ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 root root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...] - -
-Run COMMAND with root directory set to NEWROOT. Example: - -
-
$ ls -l /bin/ls - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 12 Apr 13 00:46 /bin/ls -> /BusyBox - $ mount /dev/hdc1 /mnt -t minix - $ chroot /mnt - $ ls -l /bin/ls - -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 40816 Feb 5 07:45 /bin/ls* --
-------------------------------- - -
-Clears the screen. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: chvt N - -
-Changes the foreground virtual terminal to /dev/ttyN - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST - -
-
or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY --
-Copies SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
-
-
-Options: - -
-
-a Same as -dpR - -d Preserves links - -p Preserves file attributes if possable - -R Copies directories recursively --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: cut [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -
-Prints selected fields from each input FILE to standard output. - -
-Options: - -
-
-b LIST Output only bytes from LIST - -c LIST Output only characters from LIST - -d DELIM Use DELIM instead of tab as the field delimiter - -f N Print only these fields - -n Ignored --
-Example: - -
-
$ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 1 -d ' ' - Hello - $ echo "Hello world" | cut -f 2 -d ' ' - world --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: date [OPTION]... [+FORMAT] - -
-
or: date [OPTION] [MMDDhhmm[[CC]YY][.ss]] --
-Displays the current time in the given FORMAT, or sets the system date. - -
-Options: - -
-
-R Outputs RFC-822 compliant date string - -s Sets time described by STRING - -u Prints or sets Coordinated Universal Time --
-Example: - -
-
$ date - Wed Apr 12 18:52:41 MDT 2000 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: dd [if=name] [of=name] [bs=n] [count=n] [skip=n] [seek=n] - -
-Copy a file, converting and formatting according to options - -
-
if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin - of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout - bs=n read and write n bytes at a time - count=n copy only n input blocks - skip=n skip n input blocks - seek=n skip n output blocks --
-Numbers may be suffixed by w (x2), k (x1024), b (x512), or M (x1024^2) -Example: - -
-
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/ram1 bs=1M count=4 - 4+0 records in - 4+0 records out --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: df [filesystem ...] - -
-Prints the filesystem space used and space available. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ df - Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on - /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% / - /dev/sda1 64216 36364 27852 57% /boot - $ df /dev/sda3 - Filesystem 1k-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on - /dev/sda3 8690864 8553540 137324 98% / --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: dirname NAME - -
-Strip non-directory suffix from file name - -
-Example: - -
-
$ dirname /tmp/foo - /tmp - $ dirname /tmp/foo/ - /tmp --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: dmesg [-c] [-n level] [-s bufsize] Print or controls the kernel ring buffer. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: du [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -
-Summarize disk space used for each FILE and/or directory. Disk space is -printed in units of 1k (i.e. 1024 bytes). - -
-Options: - -
-
-l count sizes many times if hard linked - -s display only a total for each argument --
-Example: - -
-
$ ./BusyBox du - 16 ./CVS - 12 ./kernel-patches/CVS - 80 ./kernel-patches - 12 ./tests/CVS - 36 ./tests - 12 ./scripts/CVS - 16 ./scripts - 12 ./docs/CVS - 104 ./docs - 2417 . - -------------------------------- --
-Usage: dutmp [FILE] - -
-Dump utmp file format (pipe delimited) from FILE or stdin to stdout. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ dutmp /var/run/utmp - 8|7||si|||0|0|0|955637625|760097|0 - 2|0|~|~~|reboot||0|0|0|955637625|782235|0 - 1|20020|~|~~|runlevel||0|0|0|955637625|800089|0 - 8|125||l4|||0|0|0|955637629|998367|0 - 6|245|tty1|1|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|998974|0 - 6|246|tty2|2|LOGIN||0|0|0|955637630|999498|0 - 7|336|pts/0|vt00andersen|andersen|:0.0|0|0|0|955637763|0|0 - -------------------------------- --
-Usage: echo [-neE] [ARG ...] - -
-Prints the specified ARGs to stdout - -
-Options: - -
-
-n suppress trailing newline - -e interpret backslash-escaped characters (i.e. \t=tab etc) - -E disable interpretation of backslash-escaped characters --
-Example: - -
-
$ echo "Erik is cool" - Erik is cool - $ echo -e "Erik\nis\ncool" - Erik - is - cool - $ echo "Erik\nis\ncool" - Erik\nis\ncool - -------------------------------- --
-Returns an exit code of FALSE (1) - -
-Example: - -
-
$ false - $ echo $? - 1 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: fbset [options] [mode] - -
-Show and modify frame buffer device settings - -
-Options: - -
-
-h - -fb - -db - -a - -i - -g - -t - -accel - -hsync - -vsync - -laced - -double --
-Example: - -
-
$ fbset - mode "1024x768-76" - # D: 78.653 MHz, H: 59.949 kHz, V: 75.694 Hz - geometry 1024 768 1024 768 16 - timings 12714 128 32 16 4 128 4 - accel false - rgba 5/11,6/5,5/0,0/0 - endmode --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: fdflush device - -
-Force floppy disk drive to detect disk change - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: find [PATH...] [EXPRESSION] - -
-Search for files in a directory hierarchy. The default PATH is the current -directory; default EXPRESSION is '-print' - -
-EXPRESSION may consist of: - -
-
-follow Dereference symbolic links. - -name PATTERN File name (leading directories removed) matches PATTERN. - -print print the full file name followed by a newline to stdout. --
-Example: - -
-
$ find / -name /etc/passwd - /etc/passwd --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: free - -
-Displays the amount of free and used system memory. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ free - total used free shared buffers - Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124 - Swap: 128516 8404 120112 - Total: 386144 257128 129016 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: freeramdisk DEVICE - -
-Frees all memory used by the specified ramdisk. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ freeramdisk /dev/ram2 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: deallocvt N - -
-Deallocates unused virtual terminal /dev/ttyN - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: fsck.minix [-larvsmf] /dev/name - -
-Performs a consistency check for MINIX filesystems. - -
-OPTIONS: - -
-
-l Lists all filenames - -r Perform interactive repairs - -a Perform automatic repairs - -v verbose - -s Outputs super-block information - -m Activates MINIX-like "mode not cleared" warnings - -f Force file system check. --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]... - -
-Search for PATTERN in each FILE or standard input. - -
-OPTIONS: - -
-
-h suppress the prefixing filename on output - -i ignore case distinctions - -n print line number with output lines - -q be quiet. Returns 0 if result was found, 1 otherwise - -v select non-matching lines --
-This version of grep matches full regular expresions. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ grep root /etc/passwd - root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash - $ grep ^[rR]oo. /etc/passwd - root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE - -
-Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-'). - -
-Options: - -
-
-c Write output to standard output - -t Test compressed file integrity --
-Example: - -
-
$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz - $ gunzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz - $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE - -
-Compress FILE with maximum compression. When FILE is '-', reads standard -input. Implies -c. - -
-Options: - -
-
-c Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz --
-Example: - -
-
$ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar - $ gzip /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar - $ ls -la /tmp/BusyBox* - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/BusyBox-0.43.tar.gz --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: halt - -
-This comand halts the system. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: head [OPTION] [FILE]... - -
-Print first 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one -FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or -when FILE is -, read standard input. - -
-Options: - -
-
-n NUM Print first NUM lines instead of first 10 --
-Example: - -
-
$ head -n 2 /etc/passwd - root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash - daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/bin/sh --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: hostid - -
-Prints out a unique 32-bit identifier for the current machine. The 32-bit -identifier is intended to be unique among all UNIX systems in existence. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: hostname [OPTION] {hostname | -F file} - -
-Get or set the hostname or DNS domain name. If a hostname is given (or a -file with the -F parameter), the host name will be set. - -
-Options: - -
-
-s Short - -i Addresses for the hostname - -d DNS domain name - -F FILE Use the contents of FILE to specify the hostname --
-Example: - -
-
$ hostname - slag --
-------------------------------- - -
-Print information for USERNAME or the current user - -
-Options: - -
-
-g prints only the group ID - -u prints only the user ID - -r prints the real user ID instead of the effective ID (with -ug) --
-Example: - -
-
$ id - uid=1000(andersen) gid=1000(andersen) --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: init - -
-Init is the parent of all processes. - -
-This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel. - -
-BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of the -/etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want -runlevels, use sysvinit. - -
-BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found, it -has the following default behavior: - -
-
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS - ::askfirst:/bin/sh --
-if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also -run: - -
-
tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh --
-If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as -follows: - -
-
<id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process> --
-
<id>: --
-
WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init! - The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for - the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are - appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to - be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this - field is left blank, it is completely ignored. Also note that if - BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then all entries - containing non-empty id fields will _not_ be run. BusyBox init does - nothing with utmp. We don't need no stinkin' utmp. --
-
<runlevels>: --
-
The runlevels field is completely ignored. --
-
<action>: --
-
Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, - once, and ctrlaltdel. --
-
askfirst acts just like respawn, but before running the specified - process it displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this - console." and then waits for the user to press enter before starting - the specified process. --
-
Unrecognised actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit - an error message, and then go along with its business. --
-
<process>: --
-
Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line. --
-Example /etc/inittab file: - -
-
# This is run first except when booting in single-user mode. - # - ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS --
-
# /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys - # - # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be) - ::askfirst:/bin/sh - # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2 - tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh --
-
# /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys - # - tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4 - tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5 --
-
# Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal) - # - #ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100 - #ttyS1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100 - # - # Example how to put a getty on a modem line. - #ttyS2::respawn:/sbin/getty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS2 --
-
# Stuff to do before rebooting - ::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r > /dev/null 2>&1 - ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff -a > /dev/null 2>&1 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: kill [-signal] process-id [process-id ...] - -
-Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
-process(es).
-
-
-Options: - -
-
-l List all signal names and numbers. --
-Example: - -
-
$ ps | grep apache - 252 root root S [apache] - 263 www-data www-data S [apache] - 264 www-data www-data S [apache] - 265 www-data www-data S [apache] - 266 www-data www-data S [apache] - 267 www-data www-data S [apache] - $ kill 252 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: killall [-signal] process-name [process-name ...] - -
-Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified
-process(es).
-
-
-Options: - -
-
-l List all signal names and numbers. --
-Example: - -
-
$ killall apache --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: length STRING - -
-Prints out the length of the specified STRING. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ length "Hello" - 5 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: ln [OPTION] TARGET... LINK_NAME|DIRECTORY - -
-Create a link named LINK_NAME or DIRECTORY to the specified TARGET Options: - -
-
-s make symbolic links instead of hard links - -f remove existing destination files - -Example: --
-
$ ln -s BusyBox /tmp/ls - $ ls -l /tmp/ls - lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Apr 12 18:39 ls -> BusyBox* --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: loadacm - -
-Loads an acm from standard input. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ loadacm < /etc/i18n/acmname --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: loadfont - -
-Loads a console font from standard input. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ loadfont < /etc/i18n/fontname --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: loadkmap - -
-Loads a binary keyboard translation table from standard input. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ loadkmap < /etc/i18n/lang-keymap --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE] - -
-Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is '-', log stdin. - -
-Options: - -
-
-s Log to stderr as well as the system log. - -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name). - -p Enter the message with the specified priority. - This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair. --
-Example: - -
-
$ logger "hello" --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: logname - -
-Print the name of the current user. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ logname - root --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: ls [-1acdelnpuxACF] [filenames...] - -
-Options: - -
-
-a do not hide entries starting with . - -c with -l: show ctime (the time of last - modification of file status information) - -d list directory entries instead of contents - -e list both full date and full time - -l use a long listing format - -n list numeric UIDs and GIDs instead of names - -p append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries - -u with -l: show access time (the time of last - access of the file) - -x list entries by lines instead of by columns - -A do not list implied . and .. - -C list entries by columns - -F append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: lsmod - -
-Shows a list of all currently loaded kernel modules. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s] - -
-Creates a range of block or character special files - -
-TYPEs include: - -
-
b: Make a block (buffered) device. - c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device. - p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes. --
-FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device. -LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created. If 's' -is the last argument, the base device is created as well. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 - [creates ttyS2-ttyS63] - $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s - [creates hda,hda1-hda8] --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: math expression ... - -
-This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the following operations: +, --, /, *, and, or, not, eor. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ math 2 2 add - 4 - $ math 8 8 \* 2 2 + / - 16 - $ math 0 1 and - 0 - $ math 0 1 or - 1 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: mkdir [OPTION] DIRECTORY... - -
-Create the DIRECTORY(ies), if they do not already exist
-
-
-Options: - -
-
-m set permission mode (as in chmod), not rwxrwxrwx - umask - -p no error if dir exists, make parent directories as needed --
-Example: - -
-
$ mkdir /tmp/foo - $ mkdir /tmp/foo - /tmp/foo: File exists - $ mkdir /tmp/foo/bar/baz - /tmp/foo/bar/baz: No such file or directory - $ mkdir -p /tmp/foo/bar/baz --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: mkfifo [OPTIONS] name - -
-Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p') - -
-Options: - -
-
-m create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw) --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: mkfs.minix [-c | -l filename] [-nXX] [-iXX] /dev/name [blocks] - -
-Make a MINIX filesystem. - -
-OPTIONS: - -
-
-c Check the device for bad blocks - -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames - -i Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem - -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME - -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR - -
-Create a special file (block, character, or pipe). - -
-Options: - -
-
-m create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw) --
-TYPEs include: b: Make a block (buffered) device. c or u: Make a character -(un-buffered) device. p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for -named pipes. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0 - $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: mkswap [-c] [-v0|-v1] device [block-count] - -
-Prepare a disk partition to be used as a swap partition. - -
-Options: - -
-
-c Check for read-ability. - -v0 Make version 0 swap [max 128 Megs]. - -v1 Make version 1 swap [big!] (default for kernels > 2.1.117). - block-count Number of block to use (default is entire partition). --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: mktemp [-q] TEMPLATE - -
-Creates a temporary file with its name based on TEMPLATE. TEMPLATE is any -name with six `Xs' (i.e. /tmp/temp.XXXXXX). - -
-Example: - -
-
$ mktemp /tmp/temp.XXXXXX - /tmp/temp.mWiLjM - $ ls -la /tmp/temp.mWiLjM - -rw------- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 25 17:10 /tmp/temp.mWiLjM --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: nc [IP] [port] - -
-Netcat opens a pipe to IP:port - -
-Example: - -
-
$ nc foobar.somedomain.com 25 - 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600 - help - 214-Commands supported: - 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH - 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP - quit - 221 foobar closing connection - -------------------------------- --
-Usage: more [file ...] - -
-More is a filter for paging through text one screenful at a time. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ dmesg | more --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: mount [flags] mount [flags] device directory [-o options,more-options] - -
-Flags: - -
-
-a: Mount all file systems in fstab. - -o option: One of many filesystem options, listed below. - -r: Mount the filesystem read-only. - -t fs-type: Specify the filesystem type. - -w: Mount for reading and writing (default). --
-Options for use with the ``-o'' flag: - -
-
async/sync: Writes are asynchronous / synchronous. - atime/noatime: Enable / disable updates to inode access times. - dev/nodev: Allow use of special device files / disallow them. - exec/noexec: Allow use of executable files / disallow them. - loop: Mounts a file via loop device. - suid/nosuid: Allow set-user-id-root programs / disallow them. - remount: Re-mount a currently-mounted filesystem, changing its flags. - ro/rw: Mount for read-only / read-write. - There are EVEN MORE flags that are specific to each filesystem. - You'll have to see the written documentation for those. --
-Example: - -
-
$ mount - /dev/hda3 on / type minix (rw) - proc on /proc type proc (rw) - devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw) - $ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt -t msdos -o ro - $ mount /tmp/diskimage /opt -t ext2 -o loop --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: mt [-f device] opcode value - -
-Control magnetic tape drive operation - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: mv SOURCE DEST - -
-
or: mv SOURCE... DIRECTORY --
-Rename SOURCE to DEST, or move SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
-
-
-Example: - -
-
$ mv /tmp/foo /bin/bar --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: nslookup [HOST] - -
-Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST - -
-Example: - -
-
$ nslookup localhost - Server: default - Address: default --
-
Name: debian - Address: 127.0.0.1 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: ping [OPTION]... host - -
-Send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts. - -
-Options: - -
-
-c COUNT Send only COUNT pings. - -q Quiet mode, only displays output at start - and when finished. -Example: --
-
$ ping localhost - PING slag (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes - 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=20.1 ms --
-
--- debian ping statistics --- - 1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss - round-trip min/avg/max = 20.1/20.1/20.1 ms --
-------------------------------- - -
-Shuts down the system, and requests that the kernel turn off power upon -halting. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: printf format [argument...] - -
-Formats and prints the given data in a manner similar to the C printf -command. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ printf "Val=%d\n" 5 - Val=5 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: ps - -
-Report process status - -
-This version of ps accepts no options. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ ps - PID Uid Gid State Command - 1 root root S init - 2 root root S [kflushd] - 3 root root S [kupdate] - 4 root root S [kpiod] - 5 root root S [kswapd] - 742 andersen andersen S [bash] - 743 andersen andersen S -bash - 745 root root S [getty] - 2990 andersen andersen R ps --
-------------------------------- - -
-Prints the full filename of the current working directory. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ pwd - /root --
-------------------------------- - -
-Instructs the kernel to reboot the system. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE... - -
-Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).
-
-
-Options: - -
-
-f remove existing destinations, never prompt - -r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively --
-Example: - -
-
$ rm -rf /tmp/foo --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... - -
-Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty.
-
-
-Example: - -
-
# rmdir /tmp/foo --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]... - -
-Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel. - -
-Options: - -
-
-a Try to remove all unused kernel modules. --
-Example: - -
-
$ rmmod tulip --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: sed [-n] -e script [file...] - -
-Allowed sed scripts come in the following form: - -
-
'ADDR [!] COMMAND' --
-
where address ADDR can be: - NUMBER Match specified line number - $ Match last line - /REGEXP/ Match specified regexp - (! inverts the meaning of the match) --
-
and COMMAND can be: - s/regexp/replacement/[igp] - which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space - and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement. --
-
aTEXT - which appends TEXT after the pattern space --
-Options: - -
-
-e add the script to the commands to be executed - -n suppress automatic printing of pattern space --
-This version of sed matches full regular expresions. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g' - bar --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: setkeycodes SCANCODE KEYCODE ... - -
-Set entries into the kernel's scancode-to-keycode map, allowing unusual -keyboards to generate usable keycodes. - -
-SCANCODE may be either xx or e0xx (hexadecimal), and KEYCODE is given in -decimal - -
-Example: - -
-
# setkeycodes e030 127 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: sh - -
-lash -- the BusyBox LAme SHell (command interpreter) - -
-This command does not yet have proper documentation. - -
-Use lash just as you would use any other shell. It properly handles pipes, -redirects, job control, can be used as the shell for scripts (#!/bin/sh), -and has a sufficient set of builtins to do what is needed. It does not -(yet) support Bourne Shell syntax. If you need things like -``if-then-else'', ``while'', and such, use ash or bash. If you just need a -very simple and extremely small shell, this will do the job. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: sfdisk [options] device ... - -
-device: something like /dev/hda or /dev/sda - -
-useful options: - -
-
-s [or --show-size]: list size of a partition - -c [or --id]: print or change partition Id - -l [or --list]: list partitions of each device - -d [or --dump]: idem, but in a format suitable for later input - -i [or --increment]: number cylinders etc. from 1 instead of from 0 - -uS, -uB, -uC, -uM: accept/report in units of sectors/blocks/cylinders/MB - -T [or --list-types]:list the known partition types - -D [or --DOS]: for DOS-compatibility: waste a little space - -R [or --re-read]: make kernel reread partition table - -N# : change only the partition with number # - -n : do not actually write to disk - -O file : save the sectors that will be overwritten to file - -I file : restore these sectors again - -v [or --version]: print version - -? [or --help]: print this message --
-dangerous options: - -
-
-g [or --show-geometry]: print the kernel's idea of the geometry - -x [or --show-extended]: also list extended partitions on output --
-
or expect descriptors for them on input - -L [or --Linux]: do not complain about things irrelevant for Linux - -q [or --quiet]: suppress warning messages - You can override the detected geometry using: - -C# [or --cylinders #]:set the number of cylinders to use - -H# [or --heads #]: set the number of heads to use - -S# [or --sectors #]: set the number of sectors to use --
-You can disable all consistency checking with: - -
-
-f [or --force]: do what I say, even if it is stupid --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: sleep N - -
-Pause for N seconds. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ sleep 2 - [2 second delay results] --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: sort [-n] [-r] [FILE]... - -
-Sorts lines of text in the specified files - -
-Example: - -
-
$ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort - a - b - c - d - e - f --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: sync - -
-Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: syslogd [OPTION]... - -
-Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging utility. Note that this -version of syslogd/klogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf. - -
-Options: - -
-
-m Change the mark timestamp interval. default=20min. 0=off - -n Do not fork into the background (for when run by init) - -K Do not start up the klogd process (by default syslogd spawns klogd). - -O Specify an alternate log file. default=/var/log/messages --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: swapon [OPTION] [device] - -
-Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. - -
-Options: - -
-
-a Start swapping on all swap devices --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [device] - -
-Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. - -
-Options: - -
-
-a Stop swapping on all swap devices --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]... - -
-Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one -FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or -when FILE is -, read standard input. - -
-Options: - -
-
-n NUM Print last NUM lines instead of first 10 - -f Output data as the file grows. This version - of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time. --
-Example: - -
-
$ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf - nameserver 10.0.0.1 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: tar -[cxtvO] [--exclude File] [-f tarFile] [FILE] ... - -
-Create, extract, or list files from a tar file. Note that this version of -tar treats hard links as separate files. - -
-Main operation mode: - -
-
c create - x extract - t list --
-File selection: - -
-
f name of tarfile or "-" for stdin - O extract to stdout - --exclude file to exclude --
-Informative output: - -
-
v verbosely list files processed --
-Example: - -
-
$ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf - - $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: test EXPRESSION or [ EXPRESSION ] - -
-Checks file types and compares values returning an exit code determined by -the value of EXPRESSION. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ test 1 -eq 2 - $ echo $? - 1 - $ test 1 -eq 1 - $ echo $? - 0 - $ [ -d /etc ] - $ echo $? - 0 - $ [ -d /junk ] - $ echo $? - 1 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -
-Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output. - -
-Options: - -
-
-a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite --
-Example: - -
-
$ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo - $ cat /tmp/foo - Hello --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: touch [-c] file [file ...] - -
-Update the last-modified date on (or create) the selected file[s]. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ ls -l /tmp/foo - /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory - $ touch /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: tr [-cds] STRING1 [STRING2] - -
-Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard input, writing -to standard output. - -
-Options: - -
-
-c take complement of STRING1 - -d delete input characters coded STRING1 - -s squeeze multiple output characters of STRING2 into one character --
-Example: - -
-
$ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z] - hello world --
-------------------------------- - -
-Returns an exit code of TRUE (0) - -
-Example: - -
-
$ true - $ echo $? - 0 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: tty - -
-Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input. - -
-Options: - -
-
-s print nothing, only return an exit status --
-Example: - -
-
$ tty - /dev/tty2 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: umount [flags] filesystem|directory - -
-Flags: - -
-
-a: Unmount all file systems - -r: Try to remount devices as read-only if mount is busy - -f: Force filesystem umount (i.e. unreachable NFS server) - -l: Do not free loop device (if a loop device has been used) --
-Example: - -
-
$ umount /dev/hdc1 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: uname [OPTION]... - -
-Print certain system information. With no OPTION, same as -s. - -
-Options: - -
-
-a print all information - -m the machine (hardware) type - -n print the machine's network node hostname - -r print the operating system release - -s print the operating system name - -p print the host processor type - -v print the operating system version --
-Example: - -
-
$ uname -a - Linux debian 2.2.15pre13 #5 Tue Mar 14 16:03:50 MST 2000 i686 unknown --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: uniq [OPTION]... [INPUT [OUTPUT]] - -
-Discard all but one of successive identical lines from INPUT (or standard -input), writing to OUTPUT (or standard output). - -
-Example: - -
-
$ echo -e "a\na\nb\nc\nc\na" | sort | uniq - a - b - c --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: update [options] - -
-Periodically flushes filesystem buffers. - -
-Options: - -
-
-S force use of sync(2) instead of flushing - -s SECS call sync this often (default 30) - -f SECS flush some buffers this often (default 5) --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: uptime - -
-Tells how long the system has been running since boot. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ uptime - 1:55pm up 2:30, load average: 0.09, 0.04, 0.00 --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: usleep N - -
-Pauses for N microseconds. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ usleep 1000000 - [pauses for 1 second] --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: wc [OPTION]... [FILE]... - -
-Print line, word, and byte counts for each FILE, and a total line if more -than one FILE is specified. With no FILE, read standard input. - -
-Options: - -
-
-c print the byte counts - -l print the newline counts - -L print the length of the longest line - -w print the word counts --
-Example: - -
-
$ wc /etc/passwd - 31 46 1365 /etc/passwd --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: whoami - -
-Prints the user name associated with the current effective user id. - -
-Example: - -
-
$ whoami - andersen --
-------------------------------- - -
-Usage: yes [OPTION]... [STRING]... - -
-Repeatedly outputs a line with all specified STRING(s), or
-`y'.
-
-
-------------------------------- - -
-This is essentially an alias for invoking ``gunzip -c'', where it decompresses the file inquestion and send the output to -stdout. - -
-------------------------------- - -
-
-GNU Libc uses the Name Service Switch (NSS) to configure the behavior of -the C library for the local environment, and to configure how it reads -system data, such as passwords and group information. BusyBox has made it -Policy that it will never use NSS, and will never use and libc calls that -make use of NSS. This allows you to run an embedded system without the need -for installing an /etc/nsswitch.conf file and without and /lib/libnss_* -libraries installed. - -
-If you are using a system that is using a remote LDAP server for -authentication via GNU libc NSS, and you want to use BusyBox, then you will -need to adjust the BusyBox source. Chances are though, that if you have -enough space to install of that stuff on your system, then you probably -want the full GNU utilities. - -
-
-textutils(1), shellutils(1), etc...
-
-
-
-Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org> <andersen@lineo.com> - -
-
-The following people have contributed code to BusyBox whether they know it -or not. - -
-Erik Andersen <andersee@debian.org>
-
-
-
-
-John Beppu <beppu@lineo.com>
-
-
-
-
-Brian Candler <B.Candler@pobox.com>
-
-
-
-
-Randolph Chung <tausq@debian.org>
-
-
-
-
-Dave Cinege <dcinege@psychosis.com>
-
-
-
-
-Karl M. Hegbloom <karlheg@debian.org>
-
-
-
-
-John Lombardo <john@deltanet.com>
-
-
-
-
-Glenn McGrath <bug1@netconnect.com.au>
-
-
-
-
-Bruce Perens <bruce@perens.com>
-
-
-
-
-Pavel Roskin <pavel_roskin@geocities.com>
-
-
-
-
-Linus Torvalds <torvalds@transmeta.com>
-
-
-
-
-Charles P. Wright <cpwright@villagenet.com>
-
-
-
-
-Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es>
-
-
-
-
-
-
--
cgit v1.1