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Diffstat (limited to 'docs/busybox.pod')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/busybox.pod | 755 |
1 files changed, 692 insertions, 63 deletions
diff --git a/docs/busybox.pod b/docs/busybox.pod index 0e36e31..7d185fa 100644 --- a/docs/busybox.pod +++ b/docs/busybox.pod @@ -36,16 +36,15 @@ tries to make itself useful to small systems with limited resources. Currently defined functions include: -basename, cat, chmod, chown, chgrp, chroot, clear, chvt, cp, date, -dd, df, dirname, dmesg, du, dutmp, echo, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free, -freeramdisk, deallocvt, fsck.minix, mkfs.minix, grep, gunzip, gzip, -halt, head, hostid, hostname, init, kill, killall, length, ln, loadacm, -loadfont, loadkmap, ls, lsmod, makedevs, math, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, -mkswap, mnc, more, mount, mt, mv, nslookup, poweroff, ping, printf, ps, -pwd, reboot, rm, rmdir, rmmod, sed, sh, fdisk, sfdisk, sleep, sort, -sync, syslogd, logger, logname, swapon, swapoff, tail, tar, [, test, -tee, touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uptime, uniq, update, -usleep, wc, whoami, yes, zcat +basename, cat, chgrp, chmod, chown, chroot, clear, chvt, cp, date, dd, df, +dirname, dmesg, du, dutmp, echo, false, fbset, fdflush, find, free, +freeramdisk, deallocvt, fsck.minix, grep, gunzip, gzip, halt, head, hostid, +hostname, init, kill, killall, length, ln, loadacm, loadfont, loadkmap, logger, +logname, ls, lsmod, makedevs, math, mkdir, mkfifo, mkfs.minix, mknod, mkswap, +mnc, more, mount, mt, mv, nslookup, ping, poweroff, printf, ps, pwd, reboot, +rm, rmdir, rmmod, sed, sh, sfdisk, sleep, sort, sync, syslogd, swapon, swapoff, +tail, tar, test, tee, touch, tr, true, tty, umount, uname, uniq, update, +uptime, usleep, wc, whoami, yes, zcat, [ =head1 COMMON OPTIONS @@ -82,6 +81,26 @@ Example: ------------------------------- +=item chgrp + +Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE... + +Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP. + +Options: + + -R change files and directories recursively + +Example: + + $ ls -l /tmp/foo + -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo + $ chgrp root /tmp/foo + $ ls -l /tmp/foo + -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo + +------------------------------- + =item chmod Usage: chmod [B<-R>] MODE[,MODE]... FILE... @@ -165,26 +184,6 @@ Example: ------------------------------- -=item chgrp - -Usage: chgrp [OPTION]... GROUP FILE... - -Change the group membership of each FILE to GROUP. - -Options: - - -R change files and directories recursively - -Example: - - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - $ chgrp root /tmp/foo - $ ls -l /tmp/foo - -r--r--r-- 1 andersen root 0 Apr 12 18:25 /tmp/foo - -------------------------------- - =item chroot Usage: chroot NEWROOT [COMMAND...] @@ -391,6 +390,14 @@ Example: =item false +Returns an exit code of FALSE (1) + +Example: + + $ false + $ echo $? + 1 + ------------------------------- =item fbset @@ -465,7 +472,7 @@ Displays the amount of free and used memory in the system. Example: $ free - total used free shared buffers + total used free shared buffers Mem: 257628 248724 8904 59644 93124 Swap: 128516 8404 120112 Total: 386144 257128 129016 @@ -510,22 +517,6 @@ OPTIONS: ------------------------------- -=item mkfs.minix - -Usage: mkfs.minix [B<-c> | B<-l> filename] [B<-nXX>] [B<-iXX>] /dev/name [blocks] - -Make a MINIX filesystem. - -OPTIONS: - - -c Check the device for bad blocks - -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames - -i Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem - -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME - -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem - -------------------------------- - =item grep Usage: grep [OPTIONS]... PATTERN [FILE]... @@ -552,16 +543,52 @@ Example: =item gunzip +Usage: gunzip [OPTION]... FILE + +Uncompress FILE (or standard input if FILE is '-'). + +Options: + + -c Write output to standard output + -t Test compressed file integrity + +Example: + + $ ls -la /tmp/busybox* + -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 557009 Apr 11 10:55 /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar.gz + $ gunzip /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar.gz + $ ls -la /tmp/busybox* + -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar ------------------------------- =item gzip +Usage: gzip [OPTION]... FILE + +Compress FILE with maximum compression. +When FILE is '-', reads standard input. Implies -c. + +Options: + + -c Write output to standard output instead of FILE.gz + +Example: + + $ ls -la /tmp/busybox* + -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 1761280 Apr 14 17:47 /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar + $ gzip /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar + $ ls -la /tmp/busybox* + -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 554058 Apr 14 17:49 /tmp/busybox-0.43.tar.gz + ------------------------------- =item halt +Usage: halt + +This comand halts the system. ------------------------------- @@ -587,6 +614,11 @@ Example: =item hostid +Usage: hostid + +Prints out a unique 32-bit identifier for the current +machine. The 32-bit identifier is intended to be unique +among all UNIX systems in existence. ------------------------------- @@ -613,6 +645,94 @@ Example: =item init +Usage: init + +Init is the parent of all processes. + +This version of init is designed to be run only by the kernel. + +BusyBox init doesn't support multiple runlevels. The runlevels field of +the /etc/inittab file is completely ignored by BusyBox init. If you want +runlevels, use sysvinit. + +BusyBox init works just fine without an inittab. If no inittab is found, +it has the following default behavior: + + ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS + ::askfirst:/bin/sh + +if it detects that /dev/console is _not_ a serial console, it will also run: + + tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh + +If you choose to use an /etc/inittab file, the inittab entry format is as follows: + + <id>:<runlevels>:<action>:<process> + + <id>: + + WARNING: This field has a non-traditional meaning for BusyBox init! + The id field is used by BusyBox init to specify the controlling tty for + the specified process to run on. The contents of this field are + appended to "/dev/" and used as-is. There is no need for this field to + be unique, although if it isn't you may have strange results. If this + field is left blank, it is completely ignored. Also note that if + BusyBox detects that a serial console is in use, then all entries + containing non-empty id fields will _not_ be run. BusyBox init does + nothing with utmp. We don't need no stinkin' utmp. + + <runlevels>: + + The runlevels field is completely ignored. + + <action>: + + Valid actions include: sysinit, respawn, askfirst, wait, + once, and ctrlaltdel. + + askfirst acts just like respawn, but before running the specified + process it displays the line "Please press Enter to activate this + console." and then waits for the user to press enter before starting + the specified process. + + Unrecognised actions (like initdefault) will cause init to emit + an error message, and then go along with its business. + + <process>: + + Specifies the process to be executed and it's command line. + + +Example /etc/inittab file: + + # This is run first except when booting in single-user mode. + # + ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS + + # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys + # + # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be) + ::askfirst:/bin/sh + # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2 + tty2::askfirst:/bin/sh + + # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys + # + tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty4 + tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5 + + + # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal) + # + #ttyS0::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100 + #ttyS1::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100 + # + # Example how to put a getty on a modem line. + #ttyS2::respawn:/sbin/getty -x0 -s 57600 ttyS2 + + # Stuff to do before rebooting + ::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r > /dev/null 2>&1 + ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/swapoff -a > /dev/null 2>&1 ------------------------------- @@ -641,10 +761,28 @@ Example: =item killall +Usage: killall [-signal] process-name [process-name ...] + +Send a signal (default is SIGTERM) to the specified process(es). + +Options: + -l List all signal names and numbers. + +Example: + + $ killall apache + ------------------------------- =item length +Usage: length string + +Prints out the length of the specified string. + +Example: + $ length "Hello" + 5 ------------------------------- @@ -668,14 +806,52 @@ Example: =item loadacm +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item loadfont +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item loadkmap +FIXME + +------------------------------- + +=item logger + +Usage: logger [OPTION]... [MESSAGE] + +Write MESSAGE to the system log. If MESSAGE is '-', log stdin. + +Options: + + -s Log to stderr as well as the system log. + -t Log using the specified tag (defaults to user name). + -p Enter the message with the specified priority. + This may be numerical or a ``facility.level'' pair. + +Example: + + $ logger "hello" + +------------------------------- + +=item logname + +Usage: logname + +Print the name of the current user. + +Example: + + $ logname + root + ------------------------------- =item ls @@ -705,16 +881,53 @@ Options: Usage: lsmod -Shows information about all loaded modules. +Shows a list of all currently loaded kernel modules. ------------------------------- =item makedevs +Usage: makedevs NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR FIRST LAST [s] + +Creates a range of block or character special files + +TYPEs include: + + b: Make a block (buffered) device. + c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device. + p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes. + +FIRST specifies the number appended to NAME to create the first device. +LAST specifies the number of the last item that should be created. +If 's' is the last argument, the base device is created as well. + +Example: + + $ makedevs /dev/ttyS c 4 66 2 63 + [creates ttyS2-ttyS63] + $ makedevs /dev/hda b 3 0 0 8 s + [creates hda,hda1-hda8] + ------------------------------- =item math +Usage: math expression ... + +This is a Tiny RPN calculator that understands the +following operations: +, -, /, *, and, or, not, eor. + +Example: + + $ math 2 2 add + 4 + $ math 8 8 \* 2 2 + / + 16 + $ math 0 1 and + 0 + $ math 0 1 or + 1 + ------------------------------- =item mkdir @@ -741,23 +954,49 @@ Example: =item mkfifo +Usage: mkfifo [OPTIONS] name + +Creates a named pipe (identical to 'mknod name p') + +Options: + -m create the pipe using the specified mode (default a=rw) + +------------------------------- + +=item mkfs.minix + +Usage: mkfs.minix [B<-c> | B<-l> filename] [B<-nXX>] [B<-iXX>] /dev/name [blocks] + +Make a MINIX filesystem. + +OPTIONS: + + -c Check the device for bad blocks + -n [14|30] Specify the maximum length of filenames + -i Specify the number of inodes for the filesystem + -l FILENAME Read the bad blocks list from FILENAME + -v Make a Minix version 2 filesystem + ------------------------------- =item mknod -Usage: mknod NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR +Usage: mknod [OPTIONS] NAME TYPE MAJOR MINOR -Make block or character special files. +Create a special file (block, character, or pipe). -TYPEs include: +Options: + -m create the special file using the specified mode (default a=rw) - b: Make a block (buffered) device. - c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device. - p: Make a named pipe. Major and minor are ignored for named pipes. +TYPEs include: + b: Make a block (buffered) device. + c or u: Make a character (un-buffered) device. + p: Make a named pipe. MAJOR and MINOR are ignored for named pipes. Example: $ mknod /dev/fd0 b 2 0 + $ mknod -m 644 /tmp/pipe p ------------------------------- @@ -778,6 +1017,21 @@ Options: =item mnc +Usage: mnc [IP] [port] + +mini-netcat opens a pipe to IP:port + +Example: + + $ mnc foobar.somedomain.com 25 + 220 foobar ESMTP Exim 3.12 #1 Sat, 15 Apr 2000 00:03:02 -0600 + help + 214-Commands supported: + 214- HELO EHLO MAIL RCPT DATA AUTH + 214 NOOP QUIT RSET HELP + quit + 221 foobar closing connection + ------------------------------- =item more @@ -830,6 +1084,10 @@ Example: =item mt +Usage: mt [-f device] opcode value + +Control magnetic tape drive operation + ------------------------------- =item mv @@ -848,9 +1106,18 @@ Example: =item nslookup -------------------------------- +Usage: nslookup [HOST] -=item poweroff +Queries the nameserver for the IP address of the given HOST + +Example: + + $ nslookup localhost + Server: default + Address: default + + Name: debian + Address: 127.0.0.1 ------------------------------- @@ -877,116 +1144,478 @@ Example: ------------------------------- +=item poweroff + +Shuts down the system, and requests that the kernel turn off power upon halting. + +------------------------------- + =item printf +Usage: printf format [argument...] + +Formats and prints the given data in a manner similar to the C printf command. + +Example: + + $ printf "Val=%d\n" 5 + Val=5 + ------------------------------- =item ps +Usage: ps + +Report process status + +This version of ps accepts no options. + +Example: + + $ ps + PID Uid Gid State Command + 1 root root S init + 2 root root S [kflushd] + 3 root root S [kupdate] + 4 root root S [kpiod] + 5 root root S [kswapd] + 742 andersen andersen S [bash] + 743 andersen andersen S -bash + 745 root root S [getty] + 2990 andersen andersen R ps + ------------------------------- =item pwd +Prints the full filename of the current working directory. + +Example: + + $ pwd + /root + ------------------------------- =item reboot +Instructs the kernel to reboot the system. + ------------------------------- =item rm +Usage: rm [OPTION]... FILE... + +Remove (unlink) the FILE(s). + +Options: + + -f remove existing destinations, never prompt + -r or -R remove the contents of directories recursively + +Example: + + $ rm -rf /tmp/foo + ------------------------------- -=item syslogd +=item rmdir + +Usage: rmdir [OPTION]... DIRECTORY... + +Remove the DIRECTORY(ies), if they are empty. + +Example: + + # rmdir /tmp/foo ------------------------------- -=item logger +=item rmmod + +Usage: rmmod [OPTION]... [MODULE]... + +Unloads the specified kernel modules from the kernel. + +Options: + + -a Try to remove all unused kernel modules. + +Example: + + $ rmmod tulip ------------------------------- -=item logname +=item sed + +Usage: sed [-n] -e script [file...] + +Allowed sed scripts come in the following form: + + 'ADDR [!] COMMAND' + + where address ADDR can be: + NUMBER Match specified line number + $ Match last line + /REGEXP/ Match specified regexp + (! inverts the meaning of the match) + + and COMMAND can be: + s/regexp/replacement/[igp] + which attempt to match regexp against the pattern space + and if successful replaces the matched portion with replacement. + + aTEXT + which appends TEXT after the pattern space + +Options: + + -e add the script to the commands to be executed + -n suppress automatic printing of pattern space + +This version of sed matches full regular expresions. + +Example: + + $ echo "foo" | sed -e 's/f[a-zA-Z]o/bar/g' + bar + +------------------------------- + +=item sh + +FIXME + +------------------------------- + +=item sfdisk + +Usage: sfdisk [options] device ... + +device: something like /dev/hda or /dev/sda + +useful options: + + -s [or --show-size]: list size of a partition + -c [or --id]: print or change partition Id + -l [or --list]: list partitions of each device + -d [or --dump]: idem, but in a format suitable for later input + -i [or --increment]: number cylinders etc. from 1 instead of from 0 + -uS, -uB, -uC, -uM: accept/report in units of sectors/blocks/cylinders/MB + -T [or --list-types]:list the known partition types + -D [or --DOS]: for DOS-compatibility: waste a little space + -R [or --re-read]: make kernel reread partition table + -N# : change only the partition with number # + -n : do not actually write to disk + -O file : save the sectors that will be overwritten to file + -I file : restore these sectors again + -v [or --version]: print version + -? [or --help]: print this message + +dangerous options: + + -g [or --show-geometry]: print the kernel's idea of the geometry + -x [or --show-extended]: also list extended partitions on output + + or expect descriptors for them on input + -L [or --Linux]: do not complain about things irrelevant for Linux + -q [or --quiet]: suppress warning messages + You can override the detected geometry using: + -C# [or --cylinders #]:set the number of cylinders to use + -H# [or --heads #]: set the number of heads to use + -S# [or --sectors #]: set the number of sectors to use + +You can disable all consistency checking with: + + -f [or --force]: do what I say, even if it is stupid + +------------------------------- + +=item sleep + +Usage: sleep N + +Pause for N seconds. + +Example: + + $ sleep 2 + [2 second delay results] + +------------------------------- + +=item sort + +Usage: sort [-n] [-r] [FILE]... + +Sorts lines of text in the specified files + +Example: + + $ echo -e "e\nf\nb\nd\nc\na" | sort + a + b + c + d + e + f + +------------------------------- + +=item sync + +Usage: sync + +Write all buffered filesystem blocks to disk. + +------------------------------- + +=item syslogd + +Usage: syslogd [OPTION]... + +Linux system and kernel (provides klogd) logging utility. +Note that this version of syslogd/klogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf. + +Options: + + -m Change the mark timestamp interval. default=20min. 0=off + -n Do not fork into the background (for when run by init) + -K Do not start up the klogd process (by default syslogd spawns klogd). + -O Specify an alternate log file. default=/var/log/messages ------------------------------- =item swapon +Usage: swapon [OPTION] [device] + +Start swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. + +Options: + + -a Start swapping on all swap devices + ------------------------------- =item swapoff +Usage: swapoff [OPTION] [device] + +Stop swapping virtual memory pages on the given device. + +Options: + + -a Stop swapping on all swap devices + ------------------------------- =item tail +Usage: tail [OPTION] [FILE]... + +Print last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. +With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the +file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input. + +Options: + + -n NUM Print last NUM lines instead of first 10 + -f Output data as the file grows. This version + of 'tail -f' supports only one file at a time. + +Example: + + $ tail -n 1 /etc/resolv.conf + nameserver 10.0.0.1 + ------------------------------- =item tar +Usage: tar -[cxtvO] [--exclude File] [-f tarFile] [FILE] ... + +Create, extract, or list files from a tar file. Note that +this version of tar treats hard links as separate files. + +Main operation mode: + + c create + x extract + t list + +File selection: + + f name of tarfile or "-" for stdin + O extract to stdout + --exclude file to exclude + +Informative output: + + v verbosely list files processed + +Example: + + $ zcat /tmp/tarball.tar.gz | tar -xf - + $ tar -cf /tmp/tarball.tar /usr/local + ------------------------------- =item test, [ +Usage: test EXPRESSION +or [ EXPRESSION ] + +Checks file types and compares values returning an exit +code determined by the value of EXPRESSION. + +Example: + + $ test 1 -eq 2 + $ echo $? + 1 + $ test 1 -eq 1 + $ echo $? + 0 + $ [ -d /etc ] + $ echo $? + 0 + $ [ -d /junk ] + $ echo $? + 1 + ------------------------------- =item tee +Usage: tee [OPTION]... [FILE]... + +Copy standard input to each FILE, and also to standard output. + +Options: + + -a append to the given FILEs, do not overwrite + +Example: + + $ echo "Hello" | tee /tmp/foo + $ cat /tmp/foo + Hello + ------------------------------- =item touch +Usage: touch [-c] file [file ...] + +Update the last-modified date on (or create) the selected file[s]. + +Example: + + $ ls -l /tmp/foo + /bin/ls: /tmp/foo: No such file or directory + $ touch /tmp/foo + $ ls -l /tmp/foo + -rw-rw-r-- 1 andersen andersen 0 Apr 15 01:11 /tmp/foo + ------------------------------- =item tr +Usage: tr [-csu] string1 string2 + tr [-cu] -d string1 + tr [-cu] -s string1 + tr [-cu] -ds string1 string2 + +Translate, squeeze, and/or delete characters from standard +input, writing to standard output. + +Example: + + $ echo "gdkkn vnqkc" | tr [a-y] [b-z] + hello world + ------------------------------- =item true +Returns an exit code of TRUE (0) + +Example: + + $ true + $ echo $? + 0 + ------------------------------- =item tty +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item umount +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item uname -------------------------------- - -=item uptime +FIXME ------------------------------- =item uniq +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item update +FIXME + +------------------------------- + +=item uptime + +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item usleep +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item wc +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item whoami +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item yes +FIXME + ------------------------------- =item zcat +FIXME + ------------------------------- =back @@ -1046,4 +1675,4 @@ Enrique Zanardi <ezanardi@ull.es> =cut -# $Id: busybox.pod,v 1.9 2000/04/13 23:44:04 beppu Exp $ +# $Id: busybox.pod,v 1.10 2000/04/15 16:34:54 erik Exp $ |