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diff --git a/networking/ftp_ipv6_rfc2428.txt b/networking/ftp_ipv6_rfc2428.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..a6ec353 --- /dev/null +++ b/networking/ftp_ipv6_rfc2428.txt @@ -0,0 +1,451 @@ + + + + + + +Network Working Group M. Allman +Request for Comments: 2428 NASA Lewis/Sterling Software +Category: Standards Track S. Ostermann + Ohio University + C. Metz + The Inner Net + September 1998 + + + FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs + +Status of this Memo + + This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the + Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for + improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet + Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state + and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. + +Copyright Notice + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved. + +Abstract + + The specification for the File Transfer Protocol assumes that the + underlying network protocol uses a 32-bit network address + (specifically IP version 4). With the deployment of version 6 of the + Internet Protocol, network addresses will no longer be 32-bits. This + paper specifies extensions to FTP that will allow the protocol to + work over IPv4 and IPv6. In addition, the framework defined can + support additional network protocols in the future. + +1. Introduction + + The keywords, such as MUST and SHOULD, found in this document are + used as defined in RFC 2119 [Bra97]. + + The File Transfer Protocol [PR85] only provides the ability to + communicate information about IPv4 data connections. FTP assumes + network addresses will be 32 bits in length. However, with the + deployment of version 6 of the Internet Protocol [DH96] addresses + will no longer be 32 bits long. RFC 1639 [Pis94] specifies + extensions to FTP to enable its use over various network protocols. + Unfortunately, the mechanism can fail in a multi-protocol + environment. During the transition between IPv4 and IPv6, FTP needs + the ability to negotiate the network protocol that will be used for + data transfer. + + + +Allman, et. al. Standards Track [Page 1] + +RFC 2428 FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs September 1998 + + + This document provides a specification for a way that FTP can + communicate data connection endpoint information for network + protocols other than IPv4. In this specification, the FTP commands + PORT and PASV are replaced with EPRT and EPSV, respectively. This + document is organized as follows. Section 2 outlines the EPRT + command and Section 3 outlines the EPSV command. Section 4 defines + the utilization of these two new FTP commands. Section 5 briefly + presents security considerations. Finally, Section 6 provides + conclusions. + +2. The EPRT Command + + The EPRT command allows for the specification of an extended address + for the data connection. The extended address MUST consist of the + network protocol as well as the network and transport addresses. The + format of EPRT is: + + EPRT<space><d><net-prt><d><net-addr><d><tcp-port><d> + + The EPRT command keyword MUST be followed by a single space (ASCII + 32). Following the space, a delimiter character (<d>) MUST be + specified. The delimiter character MUST be one of the ASCII + characters in range 33-126 inclusive. The character "|" (ASCII 124) + is recommended unless it coincides with a character needed to encode + the network address. + + The <net-prt> argument MUST be an address family number defined by + IANA in the latest Assigned Numbers RFC (RFC 1700 [RP94] as of the + writing of this document). This number indicates the protocol to be + used (and, implicitly, the address length). This document will use + two of address family numbers from [RP94] as examples, according to + the following table: + + AF Number Protocol + --------- -------- + 1 Internet Protocol, Version 4 [Pos81a] + 2 Internet Protocol, Version 6 [DH96] + + The <net-addr> is a protocol specific string representation of the + network address. For the two address families specified above (AF + Number 1 and 2), addresses MUST be in the following format: + + AF Number Address Format Example + --------- -------------- ------- + 1 dotted decimal 132.235.1.2 + 2 IPv6 string 1080::8:800:200C:417A + representations + defined in [HD96] + + + +Allman, et. al. Standards Track [Page 2] + +RFC 2428 FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs September 1998 + + + The <tcp-port> argument must be the string representation of the + number of the TCP port on which the host is listening for the data + connection. + + The following are sample EPRT commands: + + EPRT |1|132.235.1.2|6275| + + EPRT |2|1080::8:800:200C:417A|5282| + + The first command specifies that the server should use IPv4 to open a + data connection to the host "132.235.1.2" on TCP port 6275. The + second command specifies that the server should use the IPv6 network + protocol and the network address "1080::8:800:200C:417A" to open a + TCP data connection on port 5282. + + Upon receipt of a valid EPRT command, the server MUST return a code + of 200 (Command OK). The standard negative error code 500 and 501 + [PR85] are sufficient to handle most errors (e.g., syntax errors) + involving the EPRT command. However, an additional error code is + needed. The response code 522 indicates that the server does not + support the requested network protocol. The interpretation of this + new error code is: + + 5yz Negative Completion + x2z Connections + xy2 Extended Port Failure - unknown network protocol + + The text portion of the response MUST indicate which network + protocols the server does support. If the network protocol is + unsupported, the format of the response string MUST be: + + <text stating that the network protocol is unsupported> \ + (prot1,prot2,...,protn) + + Both the numeric code specified above and the protocol information + between the characters '(' and ')' are intended for the software + automata receiving the response; the textual message between the + numeric code and the '(' is intended for the human user and can be + any arbitrary text, but MUST NOT include the characters '(' and ')'. + In the above case, the text SHOULD indicate that the network protocol + in the EPRT command is not supported by the server. The list of + protocols inside the parenthesis MUST be a comma separated list of + address family numbers. Two example response strings follow: + + Network protocol not supported, use (1) + + Network protocol not supported, use (1,2) + + + +Allman, et. al. Standards Track [Page 3] + +RFC 2428 FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs September 1998 + + +3. The EPSV Command + + The EPSV command requests that a server listen on a data port and + wait for a connection. The EPSV command takes an optional argument. + The response to this command includes only the TCP port number of the + listening connection. The format of the response, however, is + similar to the argument of the EPRT command. This allows the same + parsing routines to be used for both commands. In addition, the + format leaves a place holder for the network protocol and/or network + address, which may be needed in the EPSV response in the future. The + response code for entering passive mode using an extended address + MUST be 229. The interpretation of this code, according to [PR85] + is: + + 2yz Positive Completion + x2z Connections + xy9 Extended Passive Mode Entered + + The text returned in response to the EPSV command MUST be: + + <text indicating server is entering extended passive mode> \ + (<d><d><d><tcp-port><d>) + + The portion of the string enclosed in parentheses MUST be the exact + string needed by the EPRT command to open the data connection, as + specified above. + + The first two fields contained in the parenthesis MUST be blank. The + third field MUST be the string representation of the TCP port number + on which the server is listening for a data connection. The network + protocol used by the data connection will be the same network + protocol used by the control connection. In addition, the network + address used to establish the data connection will be the same + network address used for the control connection. An example response + string follows: + + Entering Extended Passive Mode (|||6446|) + + The standard negative error codes 500 and 501 are sufficient to + handle all errors involving the EPSV command (e.g., syntax errors). + + When the EPSV command is issued with no argument, the server will + choose the network protocol for the data connection based on the + protocol used for the control connection. However, in the case of + proxy FTP, this protocol might not be appropriate for communication + between the two servers. Therefore, the client needs to be able to + request a specific protocol. If the server returns a protocol that + is not supported by the host that will be connecting to the port, the + + + +Allman, et. al. Standards Track [Page 4] + +RFC 2428 FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs September 1998 + + + client MUST issue an ABOR (abort) command to allow the server to + close down the listening connection. The client can then send an + EPSV command requesting the use of a specific network protocol, as + follows: + + EPSV<space><net-prt> + + If the requested protocol is supported by the server, it SHOULD use + the protocol. If not, the server MUST return the 522 error messages + as outlined in section 2. + + Finally, the EPSV command can be used with the argument "ALL" to + inform Network Address Translators that the EPRT command (as well as + other data commands) will no longer be used. An example of this + command follows: + + EPSV<space>ALL + + Upon receipt of an EPSV ALL command, the server MUST reject all data + connection setup commands other than EPSV (i.e., EPRT, PORT, PASV, et + al.). This use of the EPSV command is further explained in section + 4. + +4. Command Usage + + For all FTP transfers where the control and data connection(s) are + being established between the same two machines, the EPSV command + MUST be used. Using the EPSV command benefits performance of + transfers that traverse firewalls or Network Address Translators + (NATs). RFC 1579 [Bel94] recommends using the passive command when + behind firewalls since firewalls do not generally allow incoming + connections (which are required when using the PORT (EPRT) command). + In addition, using EPSV as defined in this document does not require + NATs to change the network address in the traffic as it is forwarded. + The NAT would have to change the address if the EPRT command was + used. Finally, if the client issues an "EPSV ALL" command, NATs may + be able to put the connection on a "fast path" through the + translator, as the EPRT command will never be used and therefore, + translation of the data portion of the segments will never be needed. + When a client only expects to do two-way FTP transfers, it SHOULD + issue this command as soon as possible. If a client later finds that + it must do a three-way FTP transfer after issuing an EPSV ALL + command, a new FTP session MUST be started. + + + + + + + + +Allman, et. al. Standards Track [Page 5] + +RFC 2428 FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs September 1998 + + +5. Security Issues + + The authors do not believe that these changes to FTP introduce new + security problems. A companion Work in Progress [AO98] is a more + general discussion of FTP security issues and techniques to reduce + these security problems. + +6. Conclusions + + The extensions specified in this paper will enable FTP to operate + over a variety of network protocols. + +References + + [AO98] Allman, M., and S. Ostermann, "FTP Security + Considerations", Work in Progress. + + [Bel94] Bellovin, S., "Firewall-Friendly FTP", RFC 1579, February + 1994. + + [Bra97] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate + Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997. + + [DH96] Deering, S., and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6 + (IPv6) Specification", RFC 1883, December 1995. + + [HD96] Hinden, R., and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing + Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998. + + [Pis94] Piscitello, D., "FTP Operation Over Big Address Records + (FOOBAR)", RFC 1639, June 1994. + + [Pos81a] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791, September + 1981. + + [Pos81b] Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", STD 7, RFC 793, + September 1981. + + [PR85] Postel, J., and J. Reynolds, "File Transfer Protocol (FTP)", + STD 9, RFC 959, October 1985. + + [RP94] Reynolds, J., and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", STD 2, RFC + 1700, October 1994. See also: + http://www.iana.org/numbers.html + + + + + + + +Allman, et. al. Standards Track [Page 6] + +RFC 2428 FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs September 1998 + + +Authors' Addresses + + Mark Allman + NASA Lewis Research Center/Sterling Software + 21000 Brookpark Rd. MS 54-2 + Cleveland, OH 44135 + + Phone: (216) 433-6586 + EMail: mallman@lerc.nasa.gov + http://gigahertz.lerc.nasa.gov/~mallman/ + + + Shawn Ostermann + School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science + Ohio University + 416 Morton Hall + Athens, OH 45701 + + Phone: (740) 593-1234 + EMail: ostermann@cs.ohiou.edu + + + Craig Metz + The Inner Net + Box 10314-1954 + Blacksburg, VA 24062-0314 + + Phone: (DSN) 754-8590 + EMail: cmetz@inner.net + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Allman, et. al. Standards Track [Page 7] + +RFC 2428 FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs September 1998 + + +Full Copyright Statement + + Copyright (C) The Internet Society (1998). All Rights Reserved. + + This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to + others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it + or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published + and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any + kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are + included on all such copies and derivative works. However, this + document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing + the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other + Internet organizations, except as needed for the purpose of + developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for + copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be + followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than + English. + + The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be + revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns. + + This document and the information contained herein is provided on an + "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING + TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING + BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION + HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF + MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +Allman, et. al. Standards Track [Page 8] + |