diff options
| -rw-r--r-- | util-linux/switch_root.c | 97 |
1 files changed, 93 insertions, 4 deletions
diff --git a/util-linux/switch_root.c b/util-linux/switch_root.c index b3b3bf7..0f00b60 100644 --- a/util-linux/switch_root.c +++ b/util-linux/switch_root.c @@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ // Make up for header deficiencies #ifndef RAMFS_MAGIC -#define RAMFS_MAGIC ((unsigned)0x858458f6) +# define RAMFS_MAGIC ((unsigned)0x858458f6) #endif #ifndef TMPFS_MAGIC -#define TMPFS_MAGIC ((unsigned)0x01021994) +# define TMPFS_MAGIC ((unsigned)0x01021994) #endif #ifndef MS_MOVE -#define MS_MOVE 8192 +# define MS_MOVE 8192 #endif // Recursively delete contents of rootfs @@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ int switch_root_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv) // we mean it. I could make this a CONFIG option, but I would get email // from all the people who WILL destroy their filesystems. statfs("/", &stfs); // this never fails - if (lstat("/init", &st) != 0 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode) + if (stat("/init", &st) != 0 || !S_ISREG(st.st_mode) || ((unsigned)stfs.f_type != RAMFS_MAGIC && (unsigned)stfs.f_type != TMPFS_MAGIC) ) { @@ -119,3 +119,92 @@ int switch_root_main(int argc UNUSED_PARAM, char **argv) execv(argv[0], argv); bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't execute '%s'", argv[0]); } + +/* +From: Rob Landley <rob@landley.net> +Date: Tue, Jun 16, 2009 at 7:47 PM +Subject: Re: switch_root... + +... +... +... + +If you're _not_ running out of init_ramfs (if for example you're using initrd +instead), you probably shouldn't use switch_root because it's the wrong tool. + +Basically what the sucker does is something like the following shell script: + + find / -xdev | xargs rm -rf + cd "$1" + shift + mount --move . / + exec chroot . "$@" + +There are a couple reasons that won't work as a shell script: + +1) If you delete the commands out of your $PATH, your shell scripts can't run +more commands, but you can't start using dynamically linked _new_ commands +until after you do the chroot because the path to the dynamic linker is wrong. +So there's a step that needs to be sort of atomic but can't be as a shell +script. (You can work around this with static linking or very carefully laid +out paths and sequencing, but it's brittle, ugly, and non-obvious.) + +2) The "find | rm" bit will acually delete everything because the mount points +still show up (even if their contents don't), and rm -rf will then happily zap +that. So the first line is an oversimplification of what you need to do _not_ +to descend into other filesystems and delete their contents. + +The reason we do this is to free up memory, by the way. Since initramfs is a +ramfs, deleting its contents frees up the memory it uses. (We leave it with +one remaining dentry for the new mount point, but that's ok.) + +Note that you cannot ever umount rootfs, for approximately the same reason you +can't kill PID 1. The kernel tracks mount points as a doubly linked list, and +the pointer to the start/end of that list always points to an entry that's +known to be there (rootfs), so it never has to worry about moving that pointer +and it never has to worry about the list being empty. (Back around 2.6.13 +there _was_ a bug that let you umount rootfs, and the system locked hard the +instant you did so endlessly looping to find the end of the mount list and +never stopping. They fixed it.) + +Oh, and the reason we mount --move _and_ do the chroot is due to the way "/" +works. Each process has two special symlinks, ".", and "/". Each of them +points to the dentry of a directory, and give you a location paths can start +from. (Historically ".." was also special, because you could enter a +directory via a symlink so backing out to the directory you came from doesn't +necessarily mean the one physically above where "." points to. These days I +think it's just handed off to the filesystem.) + +Anyway, path resolution starts with "." or "/" (although the "./" at the start +of the path may be implicit), meaning it's relative to one of those two +directories. Your current directory, and your current root directory. The +chdir() syscall changes where "." points to, and the chroot() syscall changes +where "/" points to. (Again, both are per-process which is why chroot only +affects your current process and its child processes.) + +Note that chroot() does _not_ change where "." points to, and back before they +put crazy security checks into the kernel your current directory could be +somewhere you could no longer access after the chroot. (The command line +chroot does a cd as well, the chroot _syscall_ is what I'm talking about.) + +The reason mounting something new over / has no obvious effect is the same +reason mounting something over your current directory has no obvious effect: +the . and / links aren't recalculated after a mount, so they still point to +the same dentry they did before, even if that dentry is no longer accessible +by other means. Note that "cd ." is a NOP, and "chroot /" is a nop; both look +up the cached dentry and set it right back. They don't re-parse any paths, +because they're what all paths your process uses would be relative to. + +That's why the careful sequencing above: we cd into the new mount point before +we do the mount --move. Moving the mount point would otherwise make it +totally inaccessible to is because cd-ing to the old path wouldn't give it to +us anymore, and cd "/" just gives us the cached dentry from when the process +was created (in this case the old initramfs one). But the "." symlink gives +us the dentry of the filesystem we just moved, so we can then "chroot ." to +copy that dentry to "/" and get the new filesystem. If we _didn't_ save that +dentry in "." we couldn't get it back after the mount --move. + +(Yes, this is all screwy and I had to email questions to Linus Torvalds to get +it straight myself. I keep meaning to write up a "how mount actually works" +document someday...) +*/ |