syslogd,logread: get rid of head pointer, fix logread bug in the process

function                                             old     new   delta
logread_main                                         450     462     +12
syslogd_main                                        1246    1252      +6
shbuf                                                  -       4      +4
buf                                                   34      30      -4
packed_usage                                       22729   22724      -5
log_locally                                          957     767    -190
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(add/remove: 1/0 grow/shrink: 2/3 up/down: 22/-199)          Total: -177 bytes
   text    data     bss     dec     hex filename
 773886    1116   11316  786318   bff8e busybox_old
 773714    1116   11316  786146   bfee2 busybox_unstripped

3 files changed, 86 insertions, 92 deletions

diff --git a/include/usage.h b/include/usage.h
index 9c14f45..3f29160 100644
--- a/include/usage.h
+++ b/include/usage.h
@@ -3327,17 +3327,17 @@ USE_FEATURE_RUN_PARTS_FANCY("\n	-l	Prints names of all matching files even when
        "Note that this version of syslogd ignores /etc/syslog.conf." \
        "\n\nOptions:" \
        "\n	-n		Run as foreground process" \
-       "\n	-O FILE		Use an alternate log file (default=/var/log/messages)" \
-       "\n	-l n		Sets the local log level of messages to n" \
-       "\n	-S		Make logging output smaller" \
+       "\n	-O FILE		Log to given file (default=/var/log/messages)" \
+       "\n	-l n		Set local log level" \
+       "\n	-S		Smaller logging output" \
 	USE_FEATURE_ROTATE_LOGFILE( \
        "\n	-s SIZE		Max size (KB) before rotate (default=200KB, 0=off)" \
        "\n	-b NUM		Number of rotated logs to keep (default=1, max=99, 0=purge)") \
 	USE_FEATURE_REMOTE_LOG( \
        "\n	-R HOST[:PORT]	Log to IP or hostname on PORT (default PORT=514/UDP)" \
-       "\n	-L		Log locally and via network logging (default is network only)") \
+       "\n	-L		Log locally and via network (default is network only if -R)") \
 	USE_FEATURE_IPC_SYSLOG( \
-       "\n	-C[size(KiB)]	Log to a shared mem buffer (read the buffer using logread)")
+       "\n	-C[size(KiB)]	Log to shared mem buffer (read it using logread)")
 	/* NB: -Csize shouldn't have space (because size is optional) */
 /*     "\n	-m MIN		Minutes between MARK lines (default=20, 0=off)" */
 #define syslogd_example_usage \
diff --git a/sysklogd/logread.c b/sysklogd/logread.c
index ac354b5..597e285 100644
--- a/sysklogd/logread.c
+++ b/sysklogd/logread.c
@@ -19,11 +19,10 @@
 enum { KEY_ID = 0x414e4547 }; /* "GENA" */
 
 static struct shbuf_ds {
-	int32_t size;           // size of data written
-	int32_t head;           // start of message list
+	int32_t size;           // size of data - 1
 	int32_t tail;           // end of message list
-	char data[1];           // data/messages
-} *buf;                         // shared memory pointer
+	char data[1];           // messages
+} *shbuf;
 
 // Semaphore operation structures
 static struct sembuf SMrup[1] = {{0, -1, IPC_NOWAIT | SEM_UNDO}}; // set SMrup
@@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ static void error_exit(const char *str) ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN;
 static void error_exit(const char *str)
 {
 	//release all acquired resources
-	shmdt(buf);
+	shmdt(shbuf);
 	bb_perror_msg_and_die(str);
 }
 
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ static void sem_up(int semid)
 static void interrupted(int sig ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED)
 {
 	signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN);
-	shmdt(buf);
+	shmdt(shbuf);
 	exit(0);
 }
 
@@ -66,79 +65,105 @@ int logread_main(int argc, char **argv)
 	if (log_shmid == -1)
 		bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't find syslogd buffer");
 
-	// Attach shared memory to our char*
-	buf = shmat(log_shmid, NULL, SHM_RDONLY);
-	if (buf == NULL)
+	/* Attach shared memory to our char* */
+	shbuf = shmat(log_shmid, NULL, SHM_RDONLY);
+	if (shbuf == NULL)
 		bb_perror_msg_and_die("can't access syslogd buffer");
 
 	log_semid = semget(KEY_ID, 0, 0);
 	if (log_semid == -1)
 		error_exit("can't get access to semaphores for syslogd buffer");
 
-	// attempt to redefine ^C signal
 	signal(SIGINT, interrupted);
 
-	// Suppose atomic memory move
-	cur = follow ? buf->tail : buf->head;
+	/* Suppose atomic memory read */
+	/* Max possible value for tail is shbuf->size - 1 */
+	cur = shbuf->tail;
 
+	/* Loop for logread -f, one pass if there was no -f */
 	do {
+		unsigned shbuf_size;
+		unsigned shbuf_tail;
+		const char *shbuf_data;
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LOGREAD_REDUCED_LOCKING
-		char *buf_data;
-		int log_len, j;
+		int i;
+		int len_first_part;
+		int len_total = len_total; /* for gcc */
+		char *copy = copy; /* for gcc */
 #endif
 		if (semop(log_semid, SMrdn, 2) == -1)
 			error_exit("semop[SMrdn]");
 
-		if (DEBUG)
-			printf("head:%i cur:%d tail:%i size:%i\n",
-					buf->head, cur, buf->tail, buf->size);
+		/* Copy the info, helps gcc to realize that it doesn't change */
+		shbuf_size = shbuf->size;
+		shbuf_tail = shbuf->tail;
+		shbuf_data = shbuf->data; /* pointer! */
 
-		if (buf->head == buf->tail || cur == buf->tail) {
-			if (follow) {
+		if (DEBUG)
+			printf("cur:%d tail:%i size:%i\n",
+					cur, shbuf_tail, shbuf_size);
+
+		if (!follow) {
+			/* advance to oldest complete message */
+			/* find NUL */
+			cur += strlen(shbuf_data + cur);
+			if (cur >= shbuf_size) { /* last byte in buffer? */
+				cur = strnlen(shbuf_data, shbuf_tail);
+				if (cur == shbuf_tail)
+					goto unlock; /* no complete messages */
+			}
+			/* advance to first byte of the message */
+			cur++;
+			if (cur >= shbuf_size) /* last byte in buffer? */
+				cur = 0;
+		} else { /* logread -f */
+			if (cur == shbuf_tail) {
 				sem_up(log_semid);
 				fflush(stdout);
 				sleep(1); /* TODO: replace me with a sleep_on */
 				continue;
 			}
-			puts("<empty syslog>");
 		}
 
-		// Read Memory
+		/* Read from cur to tail */
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LOGREAD_REDUCED_LOCKING
-		log_len = buf->tail - cur;
-		if (log_len < 0)
-			log_len += buf->size;
-		buf_data = xmalloc(log_len);
-
-		if (buf->tail >= cur)
-			j = log_len;
-		else
-			j = buf->size - cur;
-		memcpy(buf_data, buf->data + cur, j);
-
-		if (buf->tail < cur)
-			memcpy(buf_data + buf->size - cur, buf->data, buf->tail);
-		cur = buf->tail;
+		len_first_part = len_total = shbuf_tail - cur;
+		if (len_total < 0) {
+			/* message wraps: */
+			/* [SECOND PART.........FIRST PART] */
+			/*  ^data      ^tail    ^cur      ^size */
+			len_total += shbuf_size;
+		}
+		copy = xmalloc(len_total + 1);
+		if (len_first_part < 0) {
+			/* message wraps (see above) */
+			len_first_part = shbuf_size - cur;
+			memcpy(copy + len_first_part, shbuf_data, shbuf_tail);
+		}
+		memcpy(copy, shbuf_data + cur, len_first_part);
+		copy[len_total] = '\0';
+		cur = shbuf_tail;
 #else
-		while (cur != buf->tail) {
-			fputs(buf->data + cur, stdout);
-			cur += strlen(buf->data + cur) + 1;
-			if (cur >= buf->size)
+		while (cur != shbuf_tail) {
+			fputs(shbuf_data + cur, stdout);
+			cur += strlen(shbuf_data + cur) + 1;
+			if (cur >= shbuf_size)
 				cur = 0;
 		}
 #endif
-		// release the lock on the log chain
+ unlock:
+		/* release the lock on the log chain */
 		sem_up(log_semid);
 
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_LOGREAD_REDUCED_LOCKING
-		for (j = 0; j < log_len; j += strlen(buf_data+j) + 1) {
-			fputs(buf_data + j, stdout);
+		for (i = 0; i < len_total; i += strlen(copy + i) + 1) {
+			fputs(copy + i, stdout);
 		}
-		free(buf_data);
+		free(copy);
 #endif
 	} while (follow);
 
-	shmdt(buf);
+	shmdt(shbuf);
 
 	fflush_stdout_and_exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
 }
diff --git a/sysklogd/syslogd.c b/sysklogd/syslogd.c
index 0ed16bc..6ecbd16 100644
--- a/sysklogd/syslogd.c
+++ b/sysklogd/syslogd.c
@@ -46,8 +46,7 @@ enum { MAX_READ = 256 };
 
 /* Semaphore operation structures */
 struct shbuf_ds {
-	int32_t size;   /* size of data written */
-	int32_t head;   /* start of message list */
+	int32_t size;   /* size of data - 1 */
 	int32_t tail;   /* end of message list */
 	char data[1];   /* data/messages */
 };
@@ -212,8 +211,9 @@ static void ipcsyslog_init(void)
 		bb_perror_msg_and_die("shmat");
 	}
 
-	G.shbuf->size = G.shm_size - offsetof(struct shbuf_ds, data);
-	G.shbuf->head = G.shbuf->tail = 0;
+	memset(G.shbuf, 0, G.shm_size);
+	G.shbuf->size = G.shm_size - offsetof(struct shbuf_ds, data) - 1;
+	/*G.shbuf->tail = 0;*/
 
 	// we'll trust the OS to set initial semval to 0 (let's hope)
 	G.s_semid = semget(KEY_ID, 2, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | 1023);
@@ -231,7 +231,6 @@ static void ipcsyslog_init(void)
 static void log_to_shmem(const char *msg, int len)
 {
 	int old_tail, new_tail;
-	char *c;
 
 	if (semop(G.s_semid, G.SMwdn, 3) == -1) {
 		bb_perror_msg_and_die("SMwdn");
@@ -240,49 +239,20 @@ static void log_to_shmem(const char *msg, int len)
 	/* Circular Buffer Algorithm:
 	 * --------------------------
 	 * tail == position where to store next syslog message.
-	 * head == position of next message to retrieve ("print").
-	 * if head == tail, there is no "unprinted" messages left.
-	 * head is typically advanced by separate "reader" program,
-	 * but if there isn't one, we have to do it ourself.
-	 * messages are NUL-separated.
+	 * tail's max value is (shbuf->size - 1)
+	 * Last byte of buffer is never used and remains NUL.
 	 */
 	len++; /* length with NUL included */
  again:
 	old_tail = G.shbuf->tail;
 	new_tail = old_tail + len;
 	if (new_tail < G.shbuf->size) {
-		/* No need to move head if shbuf->head <= old_tail,
-		 * else... */
-		if (old_tail < G.shbuf->head && G.shbuf->head <= new_tail) {
-			/* ...need to move head forward */
-			c = memchr(G.shbuf->data + new_tail, '\0',
-					   G.shbuf->size - new_tail);
-			if (!c) /* no NUL ahead of us, wrap around */
-				c = memchr(G.shbuf->data, '\0', old_tail);
-			if (!c) { /* still nothing? point to this msg... */
-				G.shbuf->head = old_tail;
-			} else {
-				/* convert pointer to offset + skip NUL */
-				G.shbuf->head = c - G.shbuf->data + 1;
-			}
-		}
 		/* store message, set new tail */
 		memcpy(G.shbuf->data + old_tail, msg, len);
 		G.shbuf->tail = new_tail;
 	} else {
-		/* we need to break up the message and wrap it around */
 		/* k == available buffer space ahead of old tail */
-		int k = G.shbuf->size - old_tail - 1;
-		if (G.shbuf->head > old_tail) {
-			/* we are going to overwrite head, need to
-			 * move it out of the way */
-			c = memchr(G.shbuf->data, '\0', old_tail);
-			if (!c) { /* nothing? point to this msg... */
-				G.shbuf->head = old_tail;
-			} else { /* convert pointer to offset + skip NUL */
-				G.shbuf->head = c - G.shbuf->data + 1;
-			}
-		}
+		int k = G.shbuf->size - old_tail;
 		/* copy what fits to the end of buffer, and repeat */
 		memcpy(G.shbuf->data + old_tail, msg, k);
 		msg += k;
@@ -294,7 +264,7 @@ static void log_to_shmem(const char *msg, int len)
 		bb_perror_msg_and_die("SMwup");
 	}
 	if (DEBUG)
-		printf("head:%d tail:%d\n", G.shbuf->head, G.shbuf->tail);
+		printf("tail:%d\n", G.shbuf->tail);
 }
 #else
 void ipcsyslog_cleanup(void);
@@ -339,11 +309,10 @@ static void log_locally(char *msg)
 		}
 #if ENABLE_FEATURE_ROTATE_LOGFILE
 		{
-		struct stat statf;
-
-		G.isRegular = (fstat(G.logFD, &statf) == 0 && (statf.st_mode & S_IFREG));
-		/* bug (mostly harmless): can wrap around if file > 4gb */
-		G.curFileSize = statf.st_size;
+			struct stat statf;
+			G.isRegular = (fstat(G.logFD, &statf) == 0 && S_ISREG(statf.st_mode));
+			/* bug (mostly harmless): can wrap around if file > 4gb */
+			G.curFileSize = statf.st_size;
 		}
 #endif
 	}