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|
Qemu
================
## Qemu Setup
apt install qemu-system-aarch64 qemu-efi-aarch64
## Manage Images
### Create new image
qemu-img create -f qcow2 disk.qcow2 16G
### Create new overlay image
qemu-img create -o backing_file=base.qcow2,backing_fmt=qcow2 -f qcow2 disk.qcow2
### Convert qcow2 to raw
qemu-img convert -f qcow2 -O raw foo.qcow2 foo.img
### Convert raw to qcow2
qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 foo.img foo.qcow2
### Create Standalone image based on snapshot image
qemu-img convert -O qcow2 derived.qcow2 standalone.qcow2
## Shrink/compact img
Normal systems:
qemu-img convert -O qcow2 input.qcow2 output.qcow2
Windoof:
sdelete -z C:
qemu-img convert -O qcow2 input.qcow output.qcow2
## Shrink snapshot layer
qemu-img convert -O qcow2 snapLayer.qcow2 tmpFullClone.qcow2
qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b tmpFullClone.qcow2 diff.qcow2
qemu-img rebase -b base.qcow2 tmpDiff.qcow2
mv tmpDiff.qcow2 snapLayer.qcow2
## Example Params (Usage: CopyPaste, then delege what is not needed)
qemu-system-x86_64 \
-nodefaults `# <- TODO Fix network when using this` \
-accel kvm:whpx:hax:tcg -m size=2G -smp cores=$(nproc) \
-monitor stdio -serial stdio `# coose ONE` \
`# Drives & Boot.` \
-boot order=dc \
-cdrom "path/to/cd.iso" \
-hda "$(dirname "$(realpath "$0")")/hda.qcow2" \
`# Isolated Network plus host port/cmd reachable from guest` \
-netdev 'user,id=n1,ipv6=off,restrict=y,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.9:80-cmd:ncat 127.0.0.1 80' \
-device e1000,netdev=n1 \
`# Isolated Network with samba access to host` \
-netdev 'user,id=n2,ipv6=off,restrict=y,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.9:139-cmd:ncat 127.0.0.1 139,guestfwd=tcp:10.0.2.9:445-cmd:ncat 127.0.0.1 445' \
-device e1000,netdev=n2 \
`# 10.0.2.x network with host redirect` \
-netdev user,id=n0,ipv6=off,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:${SSH_PORT:-2222}-:22 \
-device e1000,netdev=n0 \
`# socket mcast shared network adapter` \
-netdev socket,id=n1,ipv6=off,mcast=230.0.0.1:1234 \
-device e1000,netdev=n1 \
`# USB pass-through` \
-usb -device usb-host,id=myUsbQemuId,vendorid=0xFFFF,productid=0xFFFF \
`# Choose ONE of those for graphic output` \
-nographic \
-device VGA \
-display sdl,grab-mod=rctrl \
-display gtk,show-menubar=on \
-display vnc=127.0.0.1:0,to=99 `#HINT: 0 is port 5900` \
;
## Broken systems likely need some of those too
`# Fix broken hosts` \
-L "${QEMU_HOME:?}/Bios" -bios "${QEMU_HOME:?}/Bios/bios-256k.bin" \
-accel whpx,kernel-irqchip=off `# "https://github.com/Tech-FZ/EmuGUI/issues/72#issuecomment-1940933918"` \
`# Fix broken guests` \
-device usb-ehci,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 -device usb-tablet \
## Inspect qcow2 by host mounting it
$SUDO modprobe nbd
$SUDO qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd__ /path/to/my.qcow2
echo 'p' | $SUDO fdisk /dev/nbd__
$SUDO mount -o ro /dev/nbd__p__ /mnt/q
$SUDO umount /mnt/q `# cleanup`
$SUDO qemu-nbd -d /dev/nbd__ `# cleanup`
$SUDO rmmod nbd `# cleanup`
### Example manual adapter setup (inside VM) for socket mcast network:
true \
&& ADDR=192.168.42.101/24 \
&& DEV=ens4 \
&& SUDO=sudo \
&& $SUDO ip a add dev "${DEV:?}" "${ADDR:?}" \
&& $SUDO ip link set "${DEV:?}" up \
&& true
## amd64
# Choose whichever fits the need
&& HDAIMG="-hda path/to/maindisk.qcow2" \
&& MACHINE="-m size=4G -smp cores=2" \
&& BIOSDIR="path/to/Bios"
&& BIOSFILE="${BIOSDIR:?}/bios-256k.bin" \
&& FIXMOUSEALIGN="-device usb-ehci,id=usb,bus=pci.0,addr=0x4 -device usb-tablet" \
&& NETWORK="-net nic -net user" \
&& NETWORK="-device e1000,netdev=n0 -netdev user,id=n0,hostfwd=tcp:127.0.0.1:2222-:22" \
&& HOSTSPECIFICOPTS="--enable-kvm" \
&& HOSTSPECIFICOPTS="-L ${BIOSDIR:?} -bios ${BIOSFILE:?}" \
Start with installation disk
&& CDROM="-cdrom path/to/installer.iso" \
&& qemu-system-x86_64 ${HOSTSPECIFICOPTS:?} ${MACHINE:?} -boot order=dc ${CDROM} ${HDAIMG:?} ${NETWORK:?} ${FIXMOUSEALIGN:?} \
Regular boot
&& qemu-system-x86_64 ${HOSTSPECIFICOPTS:?} ${MACHINE:?} -boot order=c ${HDAIMG:?} ${NETWORK:?} ${FIXMOUSEALIGN:?} \
## aarch64 (not working yet)
#apt install -y --no-install-recommends qemu-uefi-aarch64
curl -sSLO https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel/blob/master/kernel-qemu-5.10.63-bullseye
curl -sSLO https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel/blob/master/versatile-pb-bullseye-5.10.63.dtb
curl -sSLO https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel/blob/master/native-emulation/dtbs/bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb
curl -sSLO https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel/blob/master/kernel-qemu-5.4.51-buster
curl -sSLO https://github.com/dhruvvyas90/qemu-rpi-kernel/blob/master/versatile-pb-buster-5.4.51.dtb
curl -sSLO https://downloads.raspberrypi.org/raspios_lite_arm64/images/raspios_lite_arm64-2023-05-03/2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img.xz
xz -d 2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img.xz
echo p | /sbin/fdisk 2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img | egrep 'Linux$' | sed -E 's:^\S+\s+([0-9]+) .*$:\nmount -o offset=$(expr \1 \\* 512) ./2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img /mnt/foo:'
qemu-img convert -f raw -O qcow2 2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img raspbian-bullseye-lite.qcow2
qemu-img resize raspbian-bullseye-lite.qcow2 16G
mv raspbian-bullseye-lite.qcow2 hda.qcow2
qemu-system-aarch64 \
-m 256 -cpu arm1176 \
-M versatilepb \
-no-reboot \
-serial stdio \
-net nic -net user \
-drive file=2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img,format=raw \
-boot 'dtb=versatile-pb-bullseye-5.10.63.dtb,kernel=kernel-qemu-5.10.63-bullseye,kernel_args=root=/dev/vda2 panic=1' \
qemu-system-aarch64 \
-dtb ./bcm2711-rpi-4-b.dtb \
-m 256 -cpu arm1176 -M versatilepb \
-kernel kernel-qemu-5.10.63-bullseye -append "root=/dev/sda2 rootfstype=ext4 rw" \
-serial stdio \
-drive file=2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img,format=raw \
-net nic -net user \
-no-reboot \
qemu-system-arm \
-M versatilepb \
-cpu arm1176 -m 256 \
-drive "file=2023-05-03-raspios-bullseye-arm64-lite.img,if=none,index=0,media=disk,format=raw,id=disk0" \
-device "virtio-blk-pci,drive=disk0,disable-modern=on,disable-legacy=off" \
-net "user,hostfwd=tcp::5022-:2222" \
-dtb "./versatile-pb-buster-5.4.51.dtb" \
-kernel "./kernel-qemu-5.4.51-buster" -append 'root=/dev/vda2 panic=1' \
-no-reboot
## Shared host directory via CIFS/SMB
true `# SMB server debian` \
&& hostpath=/path/to/host/dir \
&& sharename=work \
&& apt install --no-install-recommends -y samba
&& printf '[%s]\npath = %s\npublic = no\nwriteable = yes\nguest ok = yes\nforce user = andreas\n' "${sharename:?}" "${hostpath:?}" | $SUDO tee -a /etc/samba/smb.conf >/dev/null \
&& $SUDO /etc/init.d/smbd restart \
&& true
TODO: SMB server windoof
DoesNotWork: "https://serverfault.com/questions/442664/virtualization-linux-kvm-qemu-host-windows-vm-guest-how-to-access-data-drive#comment479177_442678"
true `# SMB client debian` \
&& hostUsername=yourHostUser \
&& smbServer=10.0.2.2 \
&& sharename=work \
&& mountpoint=/mnt/${sharename:?} \
&& guestUid=$(id -u) \
&& guestGid=$(id -g) \
&& true \
&& $SUDO mkdir -p "${mountpoint:?}" \
&& $SUDO apt install --no-install-recommends -y cifs-utils psmisc \
&& $SUDO mount -t cifs -o username=${hostUsername:?},uid=${guestUid:?},gid=${guestGid:?} "//${smbServer:?}/${sharename:?}" "${mountpoint:?}" \
&& true
### Add those in "/etc/fstab" to setup mount automatically at boot:
### HINT: mkdir /home/user/build
//10.0.2.2/sharename /mnt/sharename cifs password=,uid=1000,gid=1000,user,vers=3.0 0 0
/home/user/build /mnt/sharename/build none bind 0 0
List smb shares (eg debugging)
smbclient -NL //10.0.2.2
## Shared host directory via NFS
For debian HOST install 'nfs-kernel-system', then:
vim /etc/exports
Example: "/path/to/share 127.0.0.1(rw,no_subtree_check,insecure)"
exportfs -a; /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart
For windoof HOST install WinNFSd, then:
WinNFSd.exe -addr 127.0.0.1 C:\path\to\share /path/to/share
In GUEST to access it do:
$SUDO apt install -y --no-install-recommends nfs-common
apk add rpcbind && /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
mkdir /mnt/host
$SUDO mount -t nfs -o vers=3 10.0.2.2:/path/to/share /mnt/host
Keep build result inside vm:
mkdir /tmp/build /mnt/host/build
mount --bind /tmp/build /mnt/host/build
## USB pass-through
NOTE: Couldn't yet test any of those commands.
### By physical port
-usb -device usb-host,hostbus=1,hostport=2
### By physical port via hub
-usb -device usb-host,hostbus=1,hostport=2.3
### By device
-usb -device usb-host,vendorid=123,productid=456
## Alpine PostInstall
true \
&& `# HINT: environ setup does not work autmoatically during login. has to be sourced manually.` \
&& P="http://10.0.2.2:3128/" \
&& printf 'export no_proxy=127.0.0.1,10.0.2.*\nexport http_proxy=%s\nexport https_proxy=%s\n' "${P:?}" "${P:?}" >> '/etc/environment' \
&& apk add openssh-server \
&& rc-update add sshd \
&& sed -i -E 's;^# *(PermitRootLogin).+$;\1 yes;' /etc/ssh/sshd_config \
&& sed -i -E 's;^# *(http://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v.*?/community)$;\1;' /etc/apk/repositories \
&& mkdir /home/user && chown 1000:1000 /home/user && chmod 755 /home/user \
&& printf 'user:x:1000:1000:user:/home/user:/bin/ash\n' >> /etc/passwd \
&& printf 'user:x:1000:user\n' >> /etc/group \
&& printf 'user:12345\n' | chpasswd \
&& true
## Debian PostInstall
TODO: move this to a better place. Eg: debian/setup.txt or whatever.
true \
&& no_proxy=127.0.0.1,10.0.2.* \
&& http_proxy=http://10.0.2.2:3128 \
&& https_proxy=http://10.0.2.2:3128 \
&& SUDO= \
&& true \
&& if [ -n "$http_proxy" ]; then true \
&& (echo "Acquire::http::proxy \"${http_proxy}\";"
echo "Acquire::https::proxy \"${https_proxy}\";"
) | $SUDO tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80proxy >/dev/null \
;fi \
&& $SUDO apt update \
&& $SUDO apt install -y --no-install-recommends vim openssh-server net-tools curl \
&& $SUDO sed -i -E 's;^GRUB_TIMEOUT=5$;GRUB_TIMEOUT=1;' /etc/default/grub \
&& $SUDO update-grub \
&& true
## Qemu-Monitor in combo with VNC
--monitor stdio
--monitor telnet:127.0.0.1:55555,server,nowait
## Sources
- [apt via proxy](https://computingforgeeks.com/how-to-set-system-proxy-on-debian-linux/?expand_article=1)
- [Qemu ssh from host](https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/Networking)
- [shared host dir](https://superuser.com/a/628381/1123359)
- [NFS server for windoof](https://github.com/winnfsd/winnfsd)
- [NFS server for debian](https://vitux.com/debian_nfs_server/)
- [USB pass-through](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/452946/292722)
- [qemu monitor via telnet](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/426951/292722)
- [qemu monitor via stdio](https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/57835/292722)
- [qemu raspberry pi TODO](https://blog.agchapman.com/using-qemu-to-emulate-a-raspberry-pi/)
- [connect VM networks](https://qemu.weilnetz.de/doc/6.0/system/invocation.html#sec-005finvocation)
- [inspect qcow2 mount host browse](https://www.jamescoyle.net/how-to/1818-access-a-qcow2-virtual-disk-image-from-the-host)
|
